{"id":214,"date":"2025-08-16T23:47:34","date_gmt":"2025-08-16T21:47:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ztzxwwp.nl\/?p=214"},"modified":"2025-08-17T17:14:59","modified_gmt":"2025-08-17T15:14:59","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e7%bc%96-%e5%85%83%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%81%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6000part-i-meta-philosophy%e3%80%81philosophy-000%e5%bc%80%e7%bc%96%e8%af%ad%ef%bc%9a%e5%85%83%e4%ba%a8%e5%88%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ztzxwwp.nl\/?p=214","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c\u4e00\u7f16 \u5143\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u54f2\u5b66 Part I Meta-Philosophy\u3001Philosophy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p> 000\u5f00\u7f16\u8bed\uff1a\u5143\u4ea8\u5229\u8d1e\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u9ad8\u6df1 Opening words: Good start, for the pursuit of depth and height\u5143\u54f2\u5b66\u662f\u4e0e\u5eb8\u54f2\u5b66\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5143\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\u662f\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u8ffd\u6c42\u9ad8\u6df1\uff0c\u5eb8\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\u662f\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u8ffd\u6c42\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6df1\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002Meta-philosophy is a philosophical formcorresponding to the philosophy of mediocrity or used-philosiphy. For example,the tenets of meta-philosophy are skepticism and the pursuitof profundity, whilethe tenets of mediocre philosophy are pragmatism and the pursuit of efficiency.Skeptical philosophy is a very advanced philosophy, and its critical thinking isof great significance to the perfection and development of philosophy.\u597d\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u7b49\u4e8e\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u5143\u54f2\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u5143\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7814\u7a76\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u54f2\u5b66\u81ea\u8eab\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u5f80\u54f2\u5b66\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5143\u54f2\u5b66\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7eea\u8bba\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u5bfc\u8bba\u90e8\u5206\u3002A good start is half the battle, and metaphilosophy is the beginning of philosophy. The so-called meta-philosophy is thephilosophy of philosophical research, that is, how to study the philosophicalform of philosophy, which takes philosophy itself as the object of study. Inprevious philosophy textbooks, meta-philosophy was equivalent to the introductorypart or the introductory part.\u54f2\u5b66\u662f\u6700\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u6df1\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\uff0c\u5143\u54f2\u5b66\u5c24\u5176\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u9ad8\u6df1\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u7279\u8272\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u8bb2\u7a76\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3001\u9ad8\u660e\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u3001\u6df1\u523b\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5143\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u5176\u5ba2\u89c2\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u89c2\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u628a\u5927\u8111\u641e\u590d\u6742\u3002Philosophy is the most general learning, but also the mostprofound learning, especially meta-philosophy, which is the characteristicpursuit of philosophy, paying attention to height, wisdom and depth, profound.In particular, the pursuit of meta-philosophy has an objective meaning of trulyknowing the world, and its subjective meaning is to make the brain complex.\u5143\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u603b\u4f53\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u548c\u5e7f\u4e49\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u603b\u4f53\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u5404\u79cd\u54f2\u5b66\u5404\u5f97\u5176\u6240\u53c8\u96c6\u6210\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5927\u6cd5\uff1b\u6240\u8c13\u5e7f\u4e49\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u5404\u79cd\u54f2\u5b66\u4e92\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u53c8\u6070\u5230\u597d\u5904\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5927\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u666e\u904d\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5927\u6cd5\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u666e\u904d\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6f2b\u65e0\u8fb9\u9645\u7684\u3001\u7a7a\u6cdb\u5176\u8bcd\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u660e\u786e\u4e3a10\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u8054\u7cfb\u3002The key to the study of metaphilosophy is the ideas and theories of general dialectics and dialectics in thegeneral sense. The so-called total dialectic is the philosophical law that allowsall kinds of philosophies to get their own way and integrate and merge; The socalled dialectics in the broad sense is the philosophical dafa that makes allkinds of philosophies interconnected and appropriate, that is, the philosophicaldafa that correctly handles universal connections. The so-called universalconnectio is not an endless and empty connection, but a normative connectionthat is clearly defined as 10 philosophical forms.64\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u5173\u4e8e\u5143\u54f2\u5b66Chapter 1On meta-philosophy\u4e00\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5143\u54f2\u5b66 What is meta-philosophy\u6240\u8c13\u5143\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7814\u7a76\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u54f2\u5b66\u81ea\u8eab\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002The so-called meta-philosophy is the philosophy of philosophicalresearch, that is, how to study the philosophical form of philosophy, which takesphilosophy itself as the object of study.\u201c\u5143\u54f2\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u5143\u6570\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u201d\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd8\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u5143\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002\u5927\u81f4\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u5143\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5185\u5728\u52a8\u529b\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u89c4\u5f8b\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7814\u7a76\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u7b49\u7b49\u8bfe\u9898\u3002The concept of &#8220;meta-philosophy&#8221; aroseafter the German mathematician Hilbert used the concept of &#8220;meta-mathematics&#8221;,the so-called &#8220;philosophy of philosophy&#8221;. In the 1970s, the Journal of MetaPhilosophical Studies was also published in the United States. Roughly speaking,meta-philosophy studies the nature of philosophy, the classification ofphilosophy, the intrinsic dynamics of philosophy, the laws of development ofphilosophy, the relationship between philosophy and science and theology,especially how to study philosophy, and so on.\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4f53\u7cfb\u6027\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5c31\u662f\u5143\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5143\u54f2\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u54f2\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5728\u6279\u8bc4\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6279\u8bc4\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u5c31\u662f\u5143\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u7518\u5411\u9633\u521b\u7acb\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u3001\u54f2\u5b664\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u4e0e\u77db\u76fe\u8bba\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3001\u7279\u8272\u548c\u7ed3\u5408\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u76f4\u63a5\u6500\u767b\u5360\u9886\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5236\u9ad8\u70b9\u3002\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5236\u9ad8\u70b9\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d70\u4e0a\u5feb\u8f66\u9053\uff1a\u77db\u76fe\u8bba\u5e94\u8be5\u89c4\u8303\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b662\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u7684\uff1b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u5e94\u8be5\u89c4\u8303\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b663\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e09\u5206\u6cd5\u7684\uff1b\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u54f2\u5b664\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u603b\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u53cd\u590d\u7acb\u4f53\u201d\uff08+ + + . &#8211; &#8211; -\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u5b9e\u4f534\u3010+ &#8211; &#8211; -\u3011\u6216\u3010- + + +\u3011\u3002 Infact, major breakthroughs in the history of philosophy, especially systematicbreakthroughs, are often major breakthroughs in meta-philosophy, because metaphilosophy is the study of philosophy itself. Philosophers generally establisha new system on the basis of criticizing the philosophical system of theirpredecessors, and criticizing the philosophical system of their predecessors isthe behavior of meta-philosophy. When Gan Xiangyang founded the total theoryand philosophy 4, he directly climbed to occupy the commanding heights ofphilosophy on the issue of &#8220;the nature, characteristics, combination andinnovation of system theory and contradiction theory&#8221;. By occupying thisphilosophical high ground, philosophical research can be put on the fast track:the theory of contradictions should be normalized to philosophy 2, because itis dichotomous; Systems theory should be normalized to philosophy 3 because itis trichotomous; Totalitarianism should be philosophical 4, since the totalityas a &#8220;repetitive stereoscopic&#8221; (+++-) can be reduced to entity 4 [+&#8212;] or [+++].\u4e8c\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49 On the skepticism\u5143\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\u662f\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6df1\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u54f265\u5b66\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u76ae\u6d6a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u7231\u90a3\u897f\u5fb7\u8c1f\uff08Ainesidemos\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c2\u70b9\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5341\u6761\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002\u76ae\u6d6a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u963f\u683c\u5229\u5e15\uff08Agrippa\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u4e94\u6761\u8bba\u8bc1\u6765\u5426\u5b9a\u7406\u6027\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002The tenet of meta-philosophy is skepticism. Skepticalphilosophy is a very advanced philosophy, and its critical thinking is of greatsignificance to the perfection and development of philosophy. Ainesidemos, afollower of Pilangism, made ten arguments for the skeptical view. Anotherrepresentative of Pilangism, Agrippa, negates the reliability of rationalknowledge through five arguments.\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u4e8b\u7269\u3001\u5b9e\u4f53\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u771f\u7406\u7b49\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u72c2\u8f70\u6ee5\u70b8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6d89\u53ca\u76f8\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u548c\u7edd\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u4e8b\u7269\u3001\u5b9e\u4f53\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u771f\u7406\u7b49\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u72c2\u8f70\u6ee5\u70b8\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5faa\u73af\u8bba\u8bc1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6d89\u53ca\u521d\u59cb\u771f\u7406\u548c\u7ec8\u6781\u771f\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u72c2\u8f70\u6ee5\u70b8\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u3002In question of things, entities, objects,truths, and so on, the question of skepticism is the metaphysical question of substance. Thisactually involves questions of relative truth and absolute truth. Another problem with theindiscriminate bombardment of skepticism with regard to things, entities, objects, truths, etc., isthe problem of circular argumentation. This actually involves the question of initial truth andultimate truth. The two problems of skepticism are actually interrelated.\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e09\u70b9\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ea\u662f\u5143\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u6761\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5148\u5c06\u771f\u7406\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u7edd\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u548c\u7ec8\u6781\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bf4\u771f\u7406\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u4e0d\u80fd\u65ad\u8a00\u4e16\u754c\u6ca1\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u5374\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u5fc5\u987b\u57fa\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u65ad\u8a00\u4e16\u754c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ec8\u6781\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u5374\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u7ec8\u6781\u771f\u7406\u3002\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5f62\u6001\u662f\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5176\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u6709\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u9ad8\u6df1\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u591f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u771f\u7406\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u3002Therefore, withregard to skepticism, three Gist should be emphasized: First, skepticism is onlya creed of meta-philosophy. Second, do not first define truth as absolute truthand ultimate truth, and then say that truth does not exist; Just as it cannot beasserted that there is no initial truth in the world, our proof must be based onthe original truth, just as it cannot be asserted that there is no ultimate truthin the world requires that our theory must be the ultimate truth. Third, thestandard form of skepticism is constructive skepticism, and its critical thinkingshould be constructive, and its pursuit is high rather than truth, but it canpromote the exploration and perfection of truth.\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u5173\u4e8e\u54f2\u5b66\u771f\u7406Chapter 2 Philosophical Truth\u4e00\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u771f\u7406 What is philosophy truth\u54f2\u5b66\u867d\u7136\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u9ad8\u6df1\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u771f\u7406\u3002Although philosophy is apursuit of advanced learning, there are still philosophical truths.\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u662f\u771f\u7406\u6700\u591a\u3001\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b66\u662f\u8986\u76d6\u4e00\u5207\u5b66\u95ee\u7684\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7279\u8272\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u771f\u7406\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u771f\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u3001\u4e92\u901a\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u54f2\u5b66\u5173\u4e8e\u771f\u7406\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u53e5\u540d\u8a00\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u4e0d\u662f\u72ec\u65ad\uff0c\u771f\u7406\u53ea\u662f\u8bba\u7406\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u5728\u8bb2\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u771f\u7406\u3002It can be said that philosophy is themost truthful and the greatest learning, because philosophy covers allknowledge. Each philosophical form has its own characteristic truths, and66different philosophical truths may be the exact opposite of other philosophicaltruths, but they are compatible and interconnected. Therefore, the essence ofthe general philosophy of truth is a famous saying: judgment is not arbitrary,truth is only reasoning. As long as it is reasonable, it will produce truth.\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u771f\u7406\uff1f\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u771f\u7406\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5c06\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u771f\u7406\u89c2\u5168\u9762\u5316\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u5316\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u771f\u7406\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e3b\u89c2\u547d\u9898\u548c\u5ba2\u89c2\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7f6e\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4e49\u7406\uff0c\u5176\u5916\u5ef6\u5305\u62ec\u771f\u5b9e\u3001\u771f\u8c61\u3001\u771f\u76f8\u3001\u771f\u9898\u3001\u771f\u8c1b\u3001\u771f\u6cd5\u3001\u771f\u5316\u3001\u771f\u503c\u3001\u771f\u77e5\u3001\u771f\u662f\u3001\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u771f\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u786e\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6210\u679c\uff1b\u6240\u8c13\u771f\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u73b0\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u786e\u5bf9\u6620\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6210\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u673a\u5236\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5929\u4eba\u5408\u4e00\u201d\u6216 \u201c\u4e3b\u5ba2\u540c\u4e00\u201d\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5929\u7406\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u5b9e\u4f53\u5bf9\u5ba2\u89c2\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7f6e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u5bf9\u5929\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f15\u529b\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7f6e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002So, what is truth? Since ancient times,philosophers have had various definitions of truth. To comprehensiveize andstandardize various views of truth, we can simply define: truth is the overallresult of the correct handling of subjective propositions and objectivemechanisms, that is, correct righteousness, and its extension includes truth,true question, true law, true value, true knowledge, and so on. The so-calledtruth is the overall result of a correct perception of facts; The so-called truthis the overall result of the correct reflection of the phenomenon. The basicmechanism here is the so-called &#8220;unity of heaven and man&#8221; or &#8220;unity of subjectand guest&#8221;. The so-called &#8220;heavenly reason&#8221; and the so-called &#8220;natural law&#8221; arethe result of the subjective entity&#8217;s disposition of the objective mechanism.The law of universal gravitation is the result of the treatment of gravitationalmechanisms between celestial bodies.\u8c2c\u8bef\u662f\u4e0e\u771f\u7406\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u8c2c\u8bef\u662f\u4e0e\u771f\u7406\u76f8\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5f88\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u771f\u7406\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u8bef\u5dee\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8c2c\u8bef\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0e\u771f\u7406\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8303\u7574\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u90a3\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u8c2c\u8bef\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u7406\u89e3\u8c2c\u8bef\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e00\u53e3\u6c14\u5c31\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86 24 \u79cd\u5217\u4e3e\u8c2c\u8bef\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u7a3b\u8349\u4eba\u8c2c\u8bef\u201d\u3002Error is thecategory corresponding to truth, and we can also discuss it from differentperspectives. Simply put, error is the category opposed to truth. However, theproblem is complex. For example, if truth is allowed to be error within a certainrange, then the category of error corresponding to truth cannot be so simple.Generally speaking, the so-called fallacy mainly refers to the understanding ofthe fallacy. There is an article on the Internet that lists 24 enumerationfallacies in one go, such as the &#8220;Scarecrow Fallacy&#8221;.\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8c2c\u8bef\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u771f\u7406\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8981\u5177\u6709\u603b\u4f53\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u548c\u5e7f\u4e49\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u603b\u4f53\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u548c\u5e7f\u4e49\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5904\u7f6e\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u771f\u7406\u662f\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u8c2c\u8bef\u662f\u8be1\u8fa9\u6cd5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002Therefore, the understanding of error, like the understandingof truth, must have the thinking of general dialectics and general dialectics,because only general dialectics and general dialectics can correctly deal withfacts. In short, truth is the fruit of dialectics, and error is the result ofsophistry.\u4e8c\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u63a2\u6c42\u54f2\u5b66\u771f\u7406how to explore philosophical truth\u5982\u4f55\u63a2\u6c42\u54f2\u5b66\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u5176\u9996\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u603b\u4f53\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u54f2\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u603b\u4f53\u6027\u768467\u5ba1\u89c6\u3002The first point of how to explore philosophical truth is that it must havea holistic thinking, and it must examine philosophy as a total\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u5c31\u662f\u5168\u9762\u30020\u30011\u30012\u30013\u3001Q\u8fd95\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5212\u5206\u5c31\u662f\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5212\u5206\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5212\u5206\uff1a\u96f6\u6df7\u6c8c\u2014\u2192\u6709\u5e8f1\u2014\u2192\u6709\u5e8f2\u2014\u2192\u6709\u5e8f3\u2014\u2192\u8d85\u6df7\u6c8c\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u5168\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5212\u5206\uff1a\u96f6\u5b9e\u4f53\u2014\u2192\u5b9e\u4f53 1\u2014\u2192\u5b9e\u4f53 2\u2014\u2192\u5b9e\u4f53 3\u2014\u2192\u8d85\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u6df7\u6c8c\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u6709\u5e8f\u624d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u3002Overall iscomprehensive. The division of the five philosophical forms of 0, 1, 2, 3, andQ is a comprehensive division. The first is the division of the whole process:zero chaos &#8211; \u2192 order 1 &#8211; \u2192 order 2 &#8211; \u2192 order 3 &#8211; \u2192 super chaos; The secondis the division of the whole entity: zero entity &#8211; \u2192 entity 1 &#8211; \u2192 entity 2 -\u2192 entity 3 &#8211; \u2192 super entity. Chaos dies, and order can only be produced.\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u603b\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u603b\u87ba\u65cb\u7684\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u603b\u87ba\u65cb\u6bd4\u603b\u5faa\u73af\u66f4\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u54f2\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u603b\u87ba\u65cb\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u3002 \u201cO\uff0c1, 2, 3\uff0cQ\u201d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u603b\u87ba\u65cb\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4e8b\u7269\u53d1\u5c55\u52303 \u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u56de\u52300\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u603b\u5faa\u73af\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u5c55\u5230Q\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u603b\u87ba\u65cb\u3002\u5728\u603b\u87ba\u65cb\u4e2d\uff0cQ\u662f\u8d85\u96f6\uff0c0\u662f\u4e9a\u96f6\uff0c\u663e\u7136\uff0cQ\uff08\u8d85\u96f6\uff09\u9ad8\u4e8e0\uff08\u4e9a\u96f6\uff09\u3002Q\uff08\u8d85\u96f6\uff09\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e0\uff08\u4e9a\u96f6\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\uff1aQ\uff08\u8d85\u96f6\uff09\u957f\u82bd\u957f\u6839\uff0c\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u7a81\u7834\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u8d85\u8d8a\uff0c\u800c0\uff08\u4e9a\u96f6\uff09\u662f\u5149\u79c3\u79c3\u7684\u5706\uff0c\u662f\u6b7b\u6001\u7684\u96f6\u6216\u590d\u5f52\u7684\u96f6\u3002First, based on the norm of total circulation and totalspiral, the total spiral is more meaningful than the total cycle. Total philosophyis the discussion of philosophical forms in the total spiral mode. The patternof &#8220;O,1,2,3,Q&#8221; is a total spiral pattern. Things develop to the stage of 3, andif it goes back to 0, that is the total cycle; If it develops to Q, it is thetotal spiral. In the total spiral, Q is superzero, 0 is sub-zero, and obviously,Q (superzero) is higher than 0 (sub-zero). The figurative meaning of Q (superzero) relative to 0 (sub-zero) is that Q (super-zero) long shoots long roots,symbolizing breakthrough, development, innovation, transcendence, while 0 (subzero) is a bare circle, a dead zero or a returning zero.\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u4e07\u4e8b\u4e07\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u603b\u4f53\u3002\u6709\u5206\u5c31\u6709\u5408\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u79cd\u54f2\u5b66\u5b9e\u4f53\u6216\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u603b\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5929\u7136\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u603b\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b9e\u4f534\u3010- + + +\u3011\u6216\u3010+ &#8211; &#8211; -\u3011\u5185\u542b3\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u3010+\u3011\u6216\u3010- \u3011\u8868\u793a\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u54f2\u5b661\uff1b\u3010- +\u3011\u6216\u3010+ -\u3011\u8868\u793a\u77db\u76fe\u8bba\u54f2\u5b662\uff1b\u3010- &#8211; -\u3011\u6216\u3010+ + +\u3011\u8868\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u54f2\u5b663\u3002Second, everything in the world is awhole. To sum up various philosophical entities or philosophical forms is thenatural pursuit of philosophers, and they can and should be summed up. Forexample, entity 4 [- + + +] or [+ &#8211; &#8211; -] contains 3 structures: [+] or [- ]indicates the philosophy of atomism 1; [-+] or [+-] indicates the philosophy ofcontradiction theory 2; [&#8212;] or [+++] indicates system theory philosophy 3.\u901a\u8fc7\u603b\u4f53\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c42\u5f97\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u3002\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u4e5f\u662f\u603b\u4f53\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u54f2\u5b66\u662f\u6700\u8ffd\u6c42\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u54f2\u5b664\u7684 \u201c\u5927\u603b\u7edf\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u603b\u4f53\u6027\u6c42\u5f97\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5404\u4f53\u7cfb\u90fd\u5168\u9762\u5e76\u81ea\u6d3d\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u6362\u4e14\u5168\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u591a\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\u751a\u81f3\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\u2261\u7edf\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\uff0cAll in All \u2261 All on All\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0AA\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u548c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6218\u601d\u60f3\u7406\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u603b\u4f53\u5bf9\u7b49\u201d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u201c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u3002Through totality, we canseek unity. Unity is also totality, and philosophy is the study that pursuesunity the most. The &#8220;Law of the Great President&#8221; of Totalitarian Philosophy 4is the classic of unity through totality: if the systems are comprehensive andself-consistent, then they can be interchangeable and equal, no matter how68different or even opposite, in short, \u2261 in general, or\uff0c All in All \u2261 All onAll, or\uff0cAA&#8217;s law for short. This is the case with the so-called &#8220;time forspace&#8221; or &#8220;space for time&#8221;. Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong&#8217;s theory ofprotracted war ideology is based on the &#8220;overall reciprocity&#8221; of time andspace, such as &#8220;time for space&#8221; or &#8220;space for time&#8221;.\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 \u5173\u4e8e\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u7ef4Chapter Three: Philosophical Thinking\u4e00\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9the four characteristics of philosophical thinking1\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u62bd\u8c61\u3002\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u7ef4\u975e\u5e38\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u539f\u6765\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ffd\u5bfb\u4e16\u754c\u672c\u539f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u662f\u571f\u3001\u6c34\u3001\u98ce\u3001\u6c14\u3001\u7b49\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u611f\u6027\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u800c\u539f\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u672c\u539f\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4e5f\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u4e0e\u539f\u5b50\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u53d7\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u865a\u6784\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u9650\u4e8e\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5f7b\u5e95\uff0c\u8fd8\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u539f\u5b50\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u91cd\u91cf\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b661\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u5206\u6cd5\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u4e00\u5206\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4efd\u4e00\u4efd\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8981\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c1+1\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u53cd\u5230\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u5212\u5206\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u9996\u5148\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u91cf\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u7684\u30021,very abstract. The ancient Greek atomism is a very abstract example ofphilosophical thinking. It turns out that when philosophers search for the originof the world, they think of concrete perceptual substances such as earth, water,wind, air, and so on, and atoms as the origin of the world are the result of ahigh degree of abstraction. In fact, molecules are the result of a high degreeof abstraction from the beginning, so much so that molecules, like atoms, wereinitially opposed by many scientists and philosophers as mere fictions. Of course,limited by the limitations of the times, their abstraction is not yet complete,but also because they are mostly scientists rather than philosophers. For example,they argue that atoms have differences in size and weight. The method of atomismas a philosophical 1 is a divisional law. The so-called one &#8211; dividing method isthe method of dividing into one or one exactly the same part, otherwise 1+1 wouldnot have only one result. This, on the other hand, is that modern scientistshave solved this problem. This is how quantum theory is divided, of course, firstof all because the quantum itself is like this.2\u3001\u8ffd\u6c42\u9ad8\u6df1\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u6df1\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u524d\u63d0\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u903b\u8f91\u601d\u7ef4\u4e0d\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u9519\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u662f\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\u771f\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u4e5f\u4e0d\u523b\u610f\u8ffd\u6c42\u771f\u7406\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u8ba8\u538c\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5e9f\u8bdd\u201d\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u771f\u6b63\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u9ad8\u6df1\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u6df1\u3002\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u5c31\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u9ad8\u6df1\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u6df1\u7684\u5178\u578b\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u5c06\u7b80\u5355\u95ee\u9898\u590d\u6742\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u9762\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u7b80\u5355\u5316\u3002The pursuitof high depth, higher depth. Philosophy is essentially logical thinking, and, ingeneral, logical thinking with a single premise, cannot be wrong as long aslogical thinking does not go wrong. Therefore, in a large sense, philosophy isindifferent to truth, and philosophy does not deliberately pursue truth,especially hates &#8220;right nonsense&#8221;. What philosophy really seeks is to be deep,69to be deeper. Critical thinking is the model of pursuing profundity and profundity.Or, when faced with simple problems, philosophers are accustomed to complicatingsimple problems, and when faced with complex problems, philosophers areaccustomed to simplifying complex problems.3\u3001\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6216\u8bc1\u4f2a\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u201d\u89c2\u70b9\u5c31\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u8dd1\u6765\u8dd1\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8ba9\u522b\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u662f\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u63a8\u7406\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u5f88\u591a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e8b\u4f8b\u63a8\u7406\u8bc1\u660e\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u624d\u9700\u8981\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6216\u8bc1\u4f2a\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u53ea\u8981\u601d\u7ef4\u6b63\u786e\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u30023. There is no need to confirm or falsify it. Philosophy isessentially logical thinking, so such people who run around there to prove thatthe world is in motion may not be philosophers. In order to make it easier forothers to understand, we can give examples. Of course, philosophical views arein principle further and indirectly deduced from the theories of otherdisciplines. In fact, our philosophical views are proved by reasoning from manypractical examples. Only science needs to be confirmed or falsified, andphilosophy only needs to think correctly.4\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5982\u679c\u505a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u505a\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u641e\u201c\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thought experiments. If a philosopher does an experiment, he is doing an<br>experiment of thought, just as Einstein did a &#8220;thought experiment.&#8221;<br>\u56e0\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u751a\u81f3\u65e0\u6cd5\u6d89\u8db3\u7684\u8001\u5927\u96be\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u627f<br>\u62c5\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u65f6\u4ee3\u5927\u4efb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u6709\u9650\u3001\u6709\u754c\u65e0\u754c\u7684\u4e8c\u5f8b\u80cc\u53cd\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5b87\u5b99\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u8fb9\u754c\uff1f\u5982<br>\u679c\u8bf4\u6ca1\u6709\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53c8\u95ee\uff1a\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u63b7\u51fa\u7684\u62d0\u6756\u4f1a\u98de\u5411\u4f55<br>\u5904\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u201c\u5929\u95ee\u201d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e8c\u5f8b\u80cc\u53cd\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u6709\u9650\u8fd8\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u7b49\u4e8c<br>\u5f8b\u80cc\u53cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5377\u626d\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u5212\u5206\u6b63\u53cd\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u91c7\u53d6 \u201c\u8d85\u5706\u4f53\u201d\u6a21\u578b\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6b63<br>\u5e38\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u59cb\u4e0e\u7ec8\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9677\u5165\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u800c\u5728\u8d85\u5706\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u5377\u626d\u7684\uff0c\u59cb\u548c\u7ec8<br>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u8854\u63a5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u59cb\u4e0e\u7ec8\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u9650\u4e0e\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7231\u6069\u65af\u5766<br>\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u8d85\u5706\u4f53\u201d\u5b87\u5b99\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5728\u6b63\u65b9\u4f53\u4e0a\uff0c\u957f\u5bbd\u9ad8\u4e09\u7ef4\u662f\u6709\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ef4\u90fd\u662f<br>\u5e73\u76f4\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5706\u4f53\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ef4\u90fd\u662f\u5f2f\u66f2\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f2f\u66f2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ef4\u6ca1\u6709\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ece<br>\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u70b9\u5411\u524d\u8d70\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u53c8\u7ed5\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5730\u7403\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83<br>\u662f\u65e0\u754c\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u6709\u9650\u65e0\u754c\u201d\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u7684\u5706\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u8d85\u5706\u4f53\u201d\u3002\u201c\u5f2f\u66f2\u201d\u662f<br>\u201c\u8d85\u5706\u201d\u7684\u5965\u79d8\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u201c\u65e0\u754c\u201d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u505a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eb8\u6761\u7684\u4e24\u5934\u5377\u626d\u4e00\u4e0b<br>\u518d\u5bf9\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u770b\u770b\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u539f\u6765\uff0c\u7eb8\u6761\u6709\u6b63\u53cd\u4e24\u754c\u548c\u5de6\u53f3\u4e24\u8fb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u53cc\u53cc\u6709<br>\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6b63\u53cd\u4e24\u9762\u56e0\u4e3a\u5377\u626d\u5bf9\u63a5\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u754c\u548c\u4e00\u6761\u8fb9\u4e86\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u65e0\u8fb9\u754c\u3001\u65e0<br>\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7eb8\u6761\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u83ab\u6bd4\u4e4c\u65af\u5e26\u201d\u3002Because of these four characteristics<br>of philosophy, many old and difficult problems that science cannot solve or even<br>set foot in, and philosophy can assume the great responsibility of history and<br>the times. For example, the infinitely finite, bounded and unbounded dichotomy<br>of the universe is the opposite of the question: Does the universe have a boundary?<br>If there are no boundaries, people are unacceptable. If there are no boundaries,<br>people ask: Where will the crutch thrown in the universe fly? This is an old<br>&#8220;heavenly question&#8221;, which is actually a &#8220;two-law reversal&#8221; question. The problem<br>of the inverse of the two laws of the universe, such as finite or infinite, can<br>be solved by twisting space, dividing the positive and negative worlds, and<br>adopting the &#8220;supercircle&#8221; model. Because in normal space, the beginning and the<br>70<br>end are different and may be connected, thus falling into contradiction. In the<br>hypercircle, space is torsional, and the beginning and the end can be connected<br>to each other, so that the contradiction between beginning and end and finite<br>and infinite can be resolved. To solve this problem, Einstein gave a &#8220;supercircle&#8221;<br>model of the universe. On a cube, the three dimensions of length, width, and<br>height have boundaries because each dimension of it is straight. However, on the<br>circle, each dimension is curved. Because it is curved, each dimension has no<br>boundaries. For example, go forward from any point on earth and end up going<br>back to the origin with no borders in between. Although the earth is finite, it<br>is unbounded, that is, &#8220;finite and unbounded.&#8221; The universe is a super-circle,<br>that is, a &#8220;supercircle.&#8221; &#8220;Bending&#8221; is the mystery of &#8220;supercircle&#8221; and the key<br>to &#8220;unbounded&#8221;. One more thing we&#8217;ll do is twist the two ends of a slip of paper<br>and dock it up, and then see what happens. Originally, the note had two boundaries,<br>positive and negative, and left and right sides, that is, both sides had two<br>boundaries. Now, the front and back sides have only one boundary and one edge<br>because of the twisting and docking, in fact, there is no boundary and no limit.<br>Such a note is the so-called &#8220;M\u00f6bius belt&#8221;.<br>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u65e2\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u5c3e\u3001\u53c8\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u5934\u3002In fact, philosophy is both the tail<br>and the head of science.<br>\u4e8c\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u5341\u4e2a\u57fa\u70b9Ten basis Gist of philosophical thinking<br>1\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u6982\u5ff5\u6216\u8005\u8303\u7574\u5fc5\u987b\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8ba8<br>\u8bba\u3002Accuracy thinking. Concepts or categories must be accurate, otherwise theories<br>cannot be formed or effectively discussed.<br>2\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u89c4\u8303\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u89c4\u77e9\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u78c1\u573a\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c<br>\u56e0\u4e3a\u78c1\u573a\u662f\u89c4\u8303\u573a\u3002Normative thinking. Norms are a great force, such as the great<br>power of rules. Magnetic fields have enormous forces because magnetic fields are<br>gauge fields.<br>3\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u5b8c\u6574\u4e5f\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u5c31\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u3002<br>Integrity thinking. Completeness also has great power, and incomplete theories<br>lack persuasiveness and explanatory power.<br>4\u3001\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u5bf9\u79f0\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5de8\u5927\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u78c1\u94c1\u662f\u4e24\u6781\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u6781\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u529b<br>\u91cf\uff0c\u706b\u8f66\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u60ac\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\uff0c\u522b\u4eba\u4e0d\u670d\u90fd\u4e0d\u884c\u3002Symmetrical thinking.<br>Symmetry is also a huge force, for example, magnets are bipolar symmetrical,<br>because of the power of polar symmetry, the train can even hang up. The theory<br>is symmetrical, and others cannot accept it.<br>5\u3001\u7b80\u660e\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u7b80\u660e\u4e5f\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5927\u9053\u81f3\u7b80\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\u3002\u7b80<br>\u660e\u4e5f\u662f\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u80fd\u591f\u5efa\u7acb\u8d28\u80fd\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u522b\u4eba\u516c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u9879<br>\u76ee\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7b80\u660e\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\u7684\u3002Concise thinking. Conciseness<br>is also the basic requirement of theoretical thinking, and the so-called &#8220;avenue<br>to simplicity&#8221; is this meaning. Simplicity is also a requirement for innovation.<br>Einstein was able to build the mass-energy formula because he simplified<br>unnecessary items in other people&#8217;s formulas. If a theory is not concise, it at<br>least means that the theory is immature.<br>71<br>6\u3001\u81ea\u6d3d\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u7406\u8bba\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u6d3d\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u9996\u5148\u8981\u8bf4\u670d\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u201c\u5927<br>\u603b\u7edf\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u6d3d\u201d\u3002The theory of self-consistent thinking must<br>be convincing, and persuasion is based on self-consistency, that is, to convince<br>oneself first. One of the two elements of the &#8220;Law of the Great President&#8221; is<br>&#8220;self-consistency.&#8221;<br>7\u3001\u8d2f\u901a\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4f53\u7cfb\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d<br>\u540c\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4f53\u7cfb\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u76f8\u901a\u7684\u3002\u8981\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u5c31\u4f1a\u72af<br>\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u3002Coherent thinking. Different theoretical systems are actually<br>different logical systems and normative systems. However, different logical<br>systems and normative systems must not only be compatible, but also common.<br>Otherwise, the world will suffer from schizophrenia.<br>8\u3001\u666e\u9002\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u771f\u7406\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\u666e\u9002\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u666e\u9002\u4ef7\u503c\u3002Universal<br>thinking. The truth of theory lies in universality, and the so-called universal<br>value is universal value.<br>9\u3001\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u641e\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u8981\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\uff0c\u65e0\u7684\u653e\u77e2\u662f\u96be\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u3002Targeted thinking.<br>Theoretical research must be targeted, and it is difficult to be effective<br>without aim.<br>10\u3001\u5408\u7406\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u6216\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u8bf4\u5f97\u597d\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5408\u7406<br>\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u6027\u4f5c\u8865\u507f\u7684\u3002Rational thinking. Theoretical<br>theory is a reasonable discussion or conclusion. Hegel said it well that what<br>exists is reasonable. Of course, a certain rationality is compensated by a<br>certain irrationality.<br>\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 \u5173\u4e8e\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001<br>Chapter 4 Philosophical Forms<br>\u4e00\u3001 \u603b\u4f53\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u3001\u5e7f\u4e49\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5 Total dialectics \uff0cgeneral dialectics<br>\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e<br>\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u672c\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b9\u6cd5<br>\u8bba\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u3002\u800c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff0c\u8912\u4e49\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002Philosophy,<br>in fact, is a kind of logic, and it can be said that it is essentially a<br>methodology. The so-called ontology is actually a methodology about ontology.<br>The so-called epistemology is actually a methodology about knowledge. Thus,<br>philosophy as a methodology, simply put, is dialectics. And dialectics, in a<br>positive sense, is the correct way to know the world.<br>\u5f53\u521d\uff0c\u5728\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\uff0c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u662f\u63ed\u9732\u5bf9\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u4ece\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u6b63\u786e\u601d\u60f3\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e<br>\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u5f62\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u540e\u6765\u624d\u6210\u4e3a\u5141\u8bb8\u77db\u76fe\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u5c06\u77db\u76fe\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63a8\u52a8\u4e16\u754c\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d8\u5316\u5185\u56e0<br>\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u8fa9\u8bc1\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u77db\u76fe\u8bba\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u662f\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u603b\u4f53\u8fa9<br>\u8bc1\u6cd5\u548c\u5e7f\u4e49\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u3002Originally, in ancient Greece, dialectics was a<br>method of exposing the contradictions of the other party&#8217;s ideological theories<br>and thus establishing a correct theory of thought, which in essence was the<br>method of so-called formal logic. Later it became a method of so-called<br>dialectical logic that allowed contradictions to exist and used contradictions<br>as internal causes of changes in world movements. In fact, the methodology of<br>72<br>contradiction is a dialectic in the narrow sense. Therefore, we should have<br>philosophical forms of total dialectics in and general dialectics.<br>\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u603b\u4f53\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u603b\u4f53\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u5e7f\u4e49\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u30020\u30011\u30012\u30013\u3001Q\u8fd95<br>\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5212\u5206\u5c31\u662f\u603b\u4f53\u7684\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u5212\u5206\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5212\u5206\uff1a\u96f6\u6df7\u6c8c\u2014\u2192\u6709<br>\u5e8f1\u2014\u2192\u6709\u5e8f2\u2014\u2192\u6709\u5e8f3\u2014\u2192\u8d85\u6df7\u6c8c\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u5168\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5212\u5206\uff1a\u96f6\u5b9e\u4f53\u2014\u2192\u5b9e\u4f531\u2014\u2192\u5b9e\u4f53<br>2\u2014\u2192\u5b9e\u4f533\u2014\u2192\u8d85\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u6df7\u6c8c\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u6709\u5e8f\u624d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u3002The key to this lies in the dialectic<br>of totality. Only the dialectic of the whole can have a dialectic in the broad<br>sense. The division of the five philosophical forms of 0, 1, 2, 3, and Q is the<br>division of the whole and the division of the general sense. The first is the<br>division of the whole process: zero chaos &#8211; \u2192 order 1 &#8211; \u2192 order 2 &#8211; \u2192 order<br>3 &#8211; \u2192 super chaos; The second is the division of the whole entity: zero entity &#8211; \u2192 entity 1 &#8211; \u2192 entity 2 &#8211; \u2192 entity 3 &#8211; \u2192 super entity. Chaos dies, and<br>order can only be produced.<br>\u603b\u4f53\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u603b\u5408\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u603b\u548c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u603b\u548c\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u7075<br>\u6d3b\u673a\u52a8\u5730\u91c7\u53d6\u5404\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u8ba9\u5404\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5404\u5f97\u5176\u6240\u3001\u5404\u5c3d\u5176\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1\u4e2a\u4eba\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u9002<br>\u7528\u4e8e\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u54f2\u5b661\uff1b2\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u77db\u76fe\u8bba\u54f2\u5b662\uff1b3\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f62\u6210\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u9002\u7528<br>\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u54f2\u5b663\uff1b4\u4e2a\u4eba\u5206\u6210\u6d3e\u7cfb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u54f2\u5b664\u3002\u518d\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u660e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c<br>\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53d8\u5e94\u4e07\u53d8\u201d\u7684\u5bf9\u7b56\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u96f6\u70b9\u8bba\u54f2\u5b660\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff1b\u5728\u6bd4\u8d5b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u81ea\u6211\u6697\u793a\u3001\u81ea<br>\u6211\u6fc0\u52b1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d85\u6c34\u5e73\u53d1\u6325\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8d85\u70b9\u8bba\u54f2\u5b66Q\u7684\u667a\u6167\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3<br>\u5c31\u662f\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u54f2\u5b664\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u54f2\u5b664\u662f\u5176\u4ed67\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u603b\u5408\u96c6\u6210\u3002Total dialectics has<br>the meaning not only of total dialectics, but also of sum dialectics. The sum of<br>philosophies means to adopt each philosophy flexibly and flexibly, so that each<br>philosophy can get its own place and make the best use of it. For example, the<br>case of 1 individual&#8217;s independence applies to the philosophy of atomism1; 2 The<br>situation of conflict between individuals applies to the philosophy of<br>contradiction 2; 3 The situation in which individuals form a collective applies<br>to systems theory philosophy 3; The division of 4 individuals into factions<br>applies to total philosophy 4. For another example, in the case of unclear<br>circumstances, the countermeasure of &#8220;responding to all changes with invariance&#8221;<br>is the wisdom of zero point philosophy 0; Before the game, taking the method of<br>self-suggestion and self-motivation to achieve super-level play is the wisdom of<br>the super-point theory philosophy Q. Therefore, if there is only one dialectic,<br>it is total philosophy 4, because total philosophy 4 is the sum of the other 7<br>philosophies.<br>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u7406\u5ff5\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u603b\u548c\u673a\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u91c7\u53d6\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1\u4e2a<br>\u4eba\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u54f2\u5b661\uff1b2\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u77db\u76fe\u8bba\u54f2\u5b662\uff1b3<br>\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f62\u6210\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u54f2\u5b663\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\uff0c\u603b\u5408\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u54f2\u5b664\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<br>4 \u4e2a\u4eba\u5206\u4e3a\u6d3e\u522b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u54f2\u5b664\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4ed65\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u603b\u5408\u3002\u4e09\u662f\uff0c<br>\u4ee5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u77db\u76fe\u603b\u63fd\u5168\u5c40\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7eb2\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u603b\u63fd\u5168\u5c40\u3002In<br>fact, the general idea has three meanings: one is, the sum of the maneuvers,<br>that is, to adopt the appropriate philosophy. For example, the case of 1<br>individual&#8217;s independence and autonomy applies to the philosophy of atomism1; 2<br>Situations of conflict between individuals, applicable to the philosophy of<br>contradiction 2; 3 The case of individuals forming a collective, applies to<br>73<br>systems theory philosophy 3. The second is summation integration, which is the<br>philosophy of totality 4. For example, the case where 4 individuals are divided<br>into factions applies to the philosophy of totality 4, because totality is the<br>sum of the other 5 philosophies. The third is to take the central work or the<br>main contradictions into account the overall situation. For example, taking<br>economic construction as the guideline means taking economic construction into<br>account the overall situation.<br>\u4e8c\u3001\u5c0f\u603b\u4f53\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u5927\u603b\u4f53\u54f2\u5b66Small total philosophy, large total philosophy<br>\u603b\u4f53\u54f2\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u603b\u87ba\u65cb\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba5\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u7684\uff1a\u96f6\u70b9\u8bba\u5373\u54f2\u5b660\uff1b\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u5373\u54f2\u5b661\uff1b<br>\u77db\u76fe\u8bba\u5373\u54f2\u5b662\uff1b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u5373\u54f2\u5b663\uff1b\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u5373\u54f2\u5b664\uff1b\u8d85\u70b9\u8bba\u5373\u54f2\u5b66Q\u3002Total philosophy<br>is the discussion of 5 philosophical forms in the total spiral mode: zero point<br>theory, that is, philosophy 0; Atomism i.e. Philosophy 1; Contradiction theory<br>i.e. philosophy 2; Systems theory i.e. Philosophy 3; Totalitarianism i.e.<br>Philosophy 4; super point theory is philosophical Q.<br>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u603b\u5408\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u54f2\u5b664\u662f\u201c\u5927\u603b\u4f53\u201d\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u51e0\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5219\u662f<br>\u201c\u5c0f\u603b\u4f53\u201d\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u51e0\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5404\u6709\u5404\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u548c\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u603b\u4f53\u4e2d\u628a\u63e1\u3002\u8b6c\u5982<br>\u8bf4\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u54f2\u5b661\u63d0\u5021\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u54f2\u5b663\u63d0\u5021\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u96c6\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1b\u8c01\u5bf9<br>\u8c01\u9519\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u6982\u800c\u8bba\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u603b\u4f53\u60c5\u666f\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5224\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u7684<br>\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d6\u5411\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u72ec\u65ad\u3002Among them, as the sum of several philosophies,<br>Total philosophy 4 is the &#8220;grand totality&#8221; philosophy. Several other philosophies<br>are &#8220;small total&#8221; philosophies, because the other philosophies have their own<br>rationalities and limitations, and must be grasped in the totality. For example,<br>Atomist Philosophy 1 promotes individualism and liberalism; Systems Theory<br>Philosophy 3 advocates collectivism and totalitarianism; Who is right and who is<br>wrong cannot be generalized, but can only be judged in the overall situation.<br>Therefore, we should know that the creed of the various philosophical forms is<br>only an orientation and not an arbitrariness.<br>\u6839\u636e\u7518\u5411\u9633\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u548c\u5e7f\u4e49\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u5212\u5206\u4e3a10\u5927\u5f62\u6001\uff1a\u5143\u54f2\u5b66\u5373\u54f2\u5b66000\uff1b<br>\u5076\u50cf\u8bba\u5373\u54f2\u5b6600\uff1b\u96f6\u70b9\u8bba\u5373\u54f2\u5b660\uff1b\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u5373\u54f2\u5b661\uff1b\u77db\u76fe\u8bba\u5373\u54f2\u5b662\uff1b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u5373\u54f2\u5b663\uff1b<br>\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u5373\u54f2\u5b664\uff1b\u8d85\u70b9\u8bba\u5373\u54f2\u5b66Q\uff1b\u56fe\u50cf\u8bba\u5373\u54f2\u5b66QQ\uff1b\u5eb8\u54f2\u5b66\u5373\u54f2\u5b66QQQ\u3002According to Gan<br>Xiangyang&#8217;s overall dialectics and generalized dialectics, philosophy can be<br>divided into 10 major forms: meta-philosophy, that is, philosophy 000; Idol<br>theory i.e. Philosophy 00; Zero point theory is philosophy 0; Atomism i.e.<br>Philosophy 1; Contradiction theory i.e. philosophy 2; Systems theory i.e.<br>Philosophy 3; Totalitarianism i.e. Philosophy 4; Super point theory is philosophy<br>Q; Image theory theory is the philosophy of QQ; Used-philosophy is philosophy<br>QQQ.<br>\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e89\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u725b\u5934\u4e0d\u5bf9\u9a6c\u5634\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e89\u5f97\u9762\u7ea2\u8033\u8d64\uff0c\u4e89\u6765\u4e89\u53bb\u6765\u4e5f\u4e00\u65e0<br>\u6240\u83b7\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u6ca1\u6709\u5341\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u603b\u4f53\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u548c\u5e7f\u4e49\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5<br>\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u54f2\u5b66\u6279\u5224\u6216\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5177\u6709\u603b\u4f53\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u548c\u5e7f\u4e49\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5<br>\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u3002When many people discuss the issue of debate, the bull&#8217;s head is<br>not right, and they often fight with their faces red, and they get nothing when<br>74<br>they fight back and forth, because their thinking does not have the norms of ten<br>philosophical forms, that is, they lack the ideas and theories of general<br>dialectics and general dialectics. Therefore, when carrying out philosophical<br>criticism or criticism, it is necessary to have the ideas and theories of general<br>dialectics and general dialectics.<br>\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 \u5173\u4e8e\u54f2\u5b66\u6279\u5224<br>Chapter 5 On Philosophical Critique<br>\u4e00\u3001\u5408\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027Rationality and limitations<br>\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u548c\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211<br>\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u4ece\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u5c42\u9762\u63d0\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u3001\u4e09\u8fdb\u5236\u3001\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\uff0c\u4e09\u884c\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u56db<br>\u884c\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u4e94\u884c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002It should be said that every philosophical system,<br>and even every philosophical point of view, has certain rationality and<br>limitations, because we always raise problems and solve problems from a certain<br>angle. Binary, quaternary, decimal, three-line theory, four-line theory, five<br>line theory, and so on.<br>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u54f2\u5b66\u6279\u5224\u6216\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u51fa\u67d0\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u6216\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u548c\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u7b80\u5355<br>\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u51fa\u67d0\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u6216\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u9762\u3001\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u6d3d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u6216<br>\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u5168\u9762\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5168\u9762\u5316\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u6216\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u81ea\u6d3d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u81ea\u6d3d<br>\u5316\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u54f2\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u7e41\u8363\u660c\u76db\u3001\u66f4\u52a0\u5b8c\u7f8e\u65e0\u7f3a\u3002Philosophical<br>criticism or criticism, then, is mainly to point out the rationality and<br>limitations of a certain philosophical system or point of view. Simply put, it<br>is to point out whether a certain philosophical system or these views are<br>comprehensive and self-consistent. If a philosophical system or point of view is<br>not comprehensive, then it is enough to make it comprehensive. If a philosophical<br>system or point of view is not self-consistent, then it is enough to self<br>consistent it. In this way, through philosophical criticism, philosophy becomes<br>more prosperous and perfect.<br>\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e00\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u603b\u4f53\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u54f2\u5b66\u6279\u5224\u6216<br>\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u662f\u5177\u6709\u603b\u4f53\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u548c\u5e7f\u4e49\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u3002The evaluation of the<br>rationality and limitations of a philosophical system must be carried out within<br>a general framework. Therefore, the key to philosophical criticism or criticism<br>is to have the ideas and theories of dialectics in general and dialectics in<br>general.<br>\u4e8c\u3001\u5996\u9b54\u5316\u3001\u654c\u5bf9\u5316Demonization, hostility<br>\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u6d41\u6d3e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u7e41\u8363<br>\u660c\u76db\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6625\u79cb\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5341\u5927\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u65e2\u4e92\u5f02\u3001\u4e92\u65a5\uff0c\u53c8\u4e92<br>\u901a\u3001\u4e92\u8865\u3002It should be said that the existence of different schools of philosophy,<br>or the emergence of individual philosophical systems and philosophical views, is<br>the criterion for the prosperity of philosophy, just like in China&#8217;s Spring and<br>75<br>Autumn and Warring States periods. In fact, the ten major philosophical forms<br>are not only different and mutually exclusive, but also mutually exclusive and<br>complementary.<br>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u52a8\u4e0d\u52a8\u5c31\u5c06<br>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u6216\u54f2\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u5996\u9b54\u5316\u4e0e\u654c\u5bf9\u5316\u3002\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u5728\u767e\u5bb6\u4e89\u9e23\u3001\u767e\u82b1\u9f50\u653e\u7684\u6625\u79cb\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3<br>\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u548c\u6cd5\u5bb6\u672c\u6765\u662f\u5bf9\u7acb\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5bf9\u58a8\u5bb6\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5374\u662f\u60ca<br>\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u7f6e\u4e4b\u6b7b\u5730\u800c\u540e\u5feb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\uff0c\u8fde\u5f3a\u8c03\u6e05\u9759\u65e0\u4e3a\u7684\u9053\u5bb6\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002However, in<br>the history of philosophy, there is a very bad tendency to demonize and antagonize<br>different philosophical systems or philosophical views at every turn when<br>philosophical criticism is conducted. This was true even in the Spring and Autumn<br>Warring States Period, when a hundred schools of thought were in contention and<br>a<br>hundred flowers bloomed. For example, Confucianism and The Dharma were<br>originally opposing and conflicting philosophical systems, but their attitude<br>towards the Mo family was strikingly consistent, that is, to put it to death and<br>then quickly, even the Taoists, who emphasized quiet and inaction.<br>\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u8fd8\u662f\u4e1c\u65b9\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u6216\u54f2\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u5996\u9b54\u5316\u4e0e\u654c\u5bf9\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<br>\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u6216\u54f2\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u5996\u9b54\u5316\u4e0e\u654c\u5bf9\u5316\u7684\u60c5<br>\u51b5\u751a\u81f3\u8fbe\u5230\u65e0\u4ee5\u590d\u52a0\u7684\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u95ee\u9898\u3002In the Middle Ages, the<br>demonization and hostility of different philosophical systems or philosophical<br>views was even more severe in both the West and the East. Regrettably, in modern<br>civilized societies, the demonization and hostility of different philosophical<br>systems or philosophical views has reached an insurmountable level, which mainly<br>involves the so-called class struggle.<br>\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0 \u5173\u4e8e\u6839\u672c\u7684\u4e24\u7ec4\u54f2\u5b66\u8303\u7574<br>Chapter 6 Two philosophical categories on fundamentals<br>\u4e00\u3001\u672c\u4f53\u4e0e\u5b9e\u4f53Ontologies and entities<br>\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u672c\u4f53\uff0c\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u754c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5c06\u4e8c\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u7574\u3002<br>\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u76f8\u5f53\u5730\u6742\u4e71\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u672c\u4f53\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u672c\u539f\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c<br>\u8fd8\u6709\u672c\u8d28\u3001\u672c\u6027\u3001\u672c\u76f8\u3001\u672c\u7136\u3001\u672c\u6001\u3001\u7b49\u7b49\u610f\u601d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cbeing\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u6001\u3002Entities, ontologies,<br>are basically the same concept in philosophical circles, or rather, many people<br>regard the two as the same category. This is mainly because their connotations<br>are rather heterogeneous, for example, in ancient philosophy, ontology has not<br>only the original meaning, but also the essence, nature, essence, nature, nature,<br>state, and so on. For example, being is the true state.<br>\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0e\u865a\u4f53\uff08\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c<br>\u5c31\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u516c\u6c11\u5b9e\u4f53\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u5b9e\u4f53\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u4f01\u4e1a\u5b9e\u4f53\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f<br>\u8425\u4e1a\u4e2a\u4f53\u8bba\u3001\u4f1a\u8ba1\u4e2a\u4f53\u8bba\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\u3002The entity corresponds to the virtual<br>body (relation). Here, we can make a simple definition of the entity. The so<br>called entity is the actual thing of independent status, such as a citizen entity,<br>an enterprise entity, and a state entity. The so-called enterprise entity theory,<br>that is, the business individual theory and the accounting individual theory,<br>arose in the second half of the 19th century.<br>76<br>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u5c31\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u672c\u4f53\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u4ece\u5e7f\u4e49\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u770b\uff0c<br>\u5b58\u57288\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u5b58\u57288\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u5f62\u6001\uff0800\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c0\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c1 \u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c2\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c3\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c<br>4 \u5b9e\u4f53\uff0cQ\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0cQQ\u5b9e\u4f53\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c1 \u5b9e\u4f53\uff08\u539f\u5b50\uff09\u30012\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08\u77db\u76fe\uff09\u30013\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u662f\u6b63\u5e38<br>\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u5c31\u662f\u6df7\u6c8c\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u5305\u62ec0\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u6df7\u6c8c\u4f53\uff09\u548cQ\u5b9e<br>\u4f53\uff08\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6df7\u6c8c\u4f53\uff09\u3002In fact, there are several physical forms in which there are<br>several philosophical forms, and there are several ontological forms. From the<br>perspective of general dialectics, there are 8 philosophical forms, and there<br>must be 8 entity forms (00 entities, 0 entities, 1 entities, 2 entities, 3<br>entities, 4 entities, Q entities, QQ entities). Among them, 1 entity (atom), 2<br>entity (contradiction), and 3 entity (system) are normal entities, that is,<br>ordered entities. Extraordinary entities are chaotic entities, including 0<br>entities (primitive chaos) and Q entities (advanced chaos).<br>\u6b63\u5982\uff0c\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0e\u865a\u4f53\uff08\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u672c\u4f53\u662f\u4e0e\u672b\u4f53\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u672c\u4f53\uff1f<br>\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u672c\u4f53\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u672c\u4f53\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u672c\u539f\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u662f\u4e8b\u7269\u6f14<br>\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u524d\u9879\u3002\u5bf9\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u672b\u4f53\u5c31\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u7ed3\u5c40\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u662f\u4e8b\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u540e\u9879\u3002<br>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u672c\u539f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4ece\u7c73\u5229\u90fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u65e9\u671f\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c31\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u63a2\u7d22<br>\u7ec4\u6210\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u5143\u7d20\u2014\u2014\u201c\u672c\u539f\u201d\uff08\u5e0c\u814a\u6587arche\uff0c\u65e7\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u59cb\u57fa\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\u201c\u672c\u539f\u201d\u7684\u7814\u7a76<br>\u5373\u6210\u4e3a\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u5148\u58f0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9010\u6b65\u903c\u8fd1\u4e8e\u5bf9being \u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u53eb\u505a<br>\u201c\u672c\u6839\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u63a2\u7a76\u5929\u5730\u4e07\u7269\u4ea7\u751f\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002 Just as the entity corresponds<br>to the virtual body (relation), the ontology corresponds to the end body. So,<br>what is ontology? Here, we can make a simple definition of the ontology. The so<br>called ontology is the entity that is the origin of the world, which is the<br>logical precursor to the evolution of things. Correspondingly, the end body is<br>the entity that is the end of the world, the logical aftermath of the evolution<br>of things. Therefore, ontology is the theory of the origin of the world. Beginning<br>with the Miletus school, early Greek philosophers devoted themselves to exploring<br>the most fundamental element that makes up all things, the &#8220;original origin&#8221;<br>(Greek heree, old translation as &#8220;beginning&#8221;). The study of this &#8220;original&#8221;<br>became a precursor to ontology, and gradually approached the discussion of being.<br>In ancient Chinese philosophy, ontology is called &#8220;bengen theory&#8221;, which refers<br>to the theory of the emergence, existence, and development of all things in<br>heaven and earth.<br>\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0e\u672c\u4f53\u4e4b\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u5b9a\uff1a\u672c\u4f53\u662f\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5b9e\u4f53\u662f\u672c\u4f53\u7684<br>\u5b58\u5728\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u672c\u539f\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u54f2\u5b661\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u5982\u679c2\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u5bf9\u7acb<br>\u76f8\u5e72\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u77db\u76fe\u8bba\u54f2\u5b662\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff1b\u5982\u679c3\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u4eb2\u548c\u76f8\u5e72\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u54f2\u5b663\u7684\u5b9e<br>\u4f53\uff1b\u800c\u77db\u76fe\u5b9e\u4f53\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0d\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u8fd9\u79cd\u539f\u59cb\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u77db\u76fe\u5b9e\u4f53\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0d\u662f\u672c\u539f\u3001\u800c<br>\u662f\u540e\u679c\u3002Based on the definition of entity and ontology, we can generally conclude<br>that ontology is the original form of the entity, and the entity is the existence<br>of the ontology. For example, the atom has its original meaning, but is only the<br>entity of atomistic philosophy 1. If the two atoms are related to each other,<br>then the substance of paradoxical philosophy 2 is formed; If the 3 atoms are<br>affinity coherent, then the entity of systems theory philosophy 3 is formed; The<br>contradictory entity and the system entity are not the primitive entities of the<br>atom, because the contradictory entity and the system entity are not the original,<br>77<br>but the consequence.<br>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u672c\u4f53\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u3002\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u672c\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5b9e\u4f530\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240<br>\u8c13\u7684\u5947\u70b9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u771f\u7a7a\u3002\u751a\u81f3\uff0c\u7528\u5076\u50cf\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u54f2\u5b6600\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u770b\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u662f\u5b9e\u4f5300\uff0c\u4e5f<br>\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5927\u795e\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u54f2\u5b661\u7684\u5b9e\u4f531\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u54f2\u5b663\u7684<br>\u672c\u4f53\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b\u77db\u76fe\u8bba\u54f2\u5b662\u7684\u5b9e\u4f532\u662f\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u54f2\u5b664\u7684\u672c\u4f53\uff0c<br>\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u77db\u76fe\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u603b\u4f53\u3002In fact, the so-called ontology can be divided<br>into two types. One is the absolute ontology, which is entity 0, the so-called<br>singularity, or vacuum. Even, from the point of view of idol philosophy and<br>philosophy 00, the absolute ontology is the entity 00, that is, God, or the Great<br>God. The second is the relative ontology. For example, Entity 1 of Atomistic<br>Philosophy 1 is the ontology of Systems Philosophy 3, since a few atoms can form<br>a system; Entity 2 of Paradoxical Philosophy 2 is the ontology of Totalization<br>Philosophy 4, because two contradictions can form a totality.<br>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528T0\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u96f6\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528T0<br>\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u96f6\u672c\u4f53\u3002We can express the<br>zero entity in the form of T0 , and we can also express the zero ontology in the form of T0<br>\u3002<br>\u4e8c\u3001\u603b\u4f53\u4e0e\u6574\u4f53total and whole<br>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u4e0e\u6574\u4f53\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5c06\u4e8c\u8005\u5408\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\u3002As entities,<br>the total and the whole are two different concepts, but many people combine the<br>two into one.<br>\u9996\u5148\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u3001\u54f2\u5b664\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c<br>\u4f46\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u548c\u540d\u8bcd\uff0ctotal\u4e0eoverall\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u7528\u3002First of all, it<br>should be stated that, for translational reasons, total philosophy and overall<br>theory\u3001philosophy 4 are two different concepts, but both are used as adjectives<br>and nouns, total and overall can be used as the same category in this theoretical<br>system.<br>\u603b\u4f53\u54f2\u5b66\u5c06\u603b\u4f53\u4e0e\u6574\u4f53\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u603b\u4f53\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u3001\u54f2\u5b664\u662f<br>\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u54f2\u5b66\u5c06\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6982\u5ff5\uff08overall\uff09\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6982<br>\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0a\u5347\u4e3a\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u3001\u54f2\u5b664\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u8303\u7574\u3002\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u53ea\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u3001\u54f2\u5b663\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f<br>\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u3001\u54f2\u5b664\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002Total philosophy defines the overall and the whole as two<br>different substantive concepts, just as total philosophy and overall theory\u3001<br>philosophy 4 are two different concepts. Total philosophy transforms the overall<br>concept as an adjective into the overall concept as a noun and rises to the<br>substantive category of overall theory\u3001philosophy 4. Total philosophy and overall<br>theory\u3001philosophy 4 are two different concepts.Whole is only a concept of systems<br>theory\u3001philosophy 3, not the category of overall theory\u3001philosophy 4.<br>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u90e8\u5206\u6784\u6210\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5728\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\uff0c\u4e9a\u91cc<br>\u65af\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u56db\u56e0\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e09\u8981\u7d20\uff08\u8d28\u6599\u56e0\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u56e0\u3001\u52a8\u529b\u56e0\uff09\u9644\u52a0\u201c\u76ee\u7684\u56e0\u201d\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u8bba\u3002The<br>word system, itself derived from the ancient Greek language, is the meaning of<br>a part that constitutes a whole. In fact, in ancient Greece, Aristotle&#8217;s four<br>factor theory was the whole theory of the three elements of the system (material<br>cause, form cause, and dynamic cause) attached to the &#8220;purpose cause&#8221;.<br>\u6574\u4f53\u8bba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u7684J.C.\u65af\u7a46\u8328(1870\uff5e1950)\u5728\u5176\u300a\u6574\u4f53\u8bba\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5316\u300b<br>(1926)\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\uff0c\u8d1d\u5854\u6717\u83f2\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u628a\u6709\u673a\u6574\u4f53\u8bba\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5883\u754c\u3002\u8d1d\u5854\u6717<br>78<br>\u83f2\u8ba4\u4e3a,\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u5217\u6784\u6210\u7684\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65b0\u8d28\uff1b\u540c<br>\u65f6,\u5b83\u4e0e\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4ea4\u6362,\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002W.V.O.\u594e\u56e0\u575a\u6301\u6574\u4f53\u8bba\u3001<br>\u5f3a\u8c03\u7efc\u5408\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u54f2\u5b663\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002Holism as a theory was first proposed by J.C.<br>Smuts (1870-1950) in England in his book Holism and Evolution (1926). In modern<br>times, Betalongfi&#8217;s systems theory takes organic holism to a new level.<br>BetaLongfi believes that the system is composed of different levels and different<br>series of wholes, and the overall nature of the system is a new quality of the<br>system; At the same time, it exchanges matter, energy, and information with the<br>surrounding environment, and is an open system. W.V.O. Quinn&#8217;s adherence to<br>holism and synthesis is also the theory of systems theory of philosophy 3.<br>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u8303\u7574\u4e0e\u6574\u4f53\u8303\u7574\u662f\u6709\u672c\u8d28\u533a\u522b\u7684\u3002\u6574\u4f53\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\uff081\u00d73\uff09\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08+ + +\uff09<br>\u6216\uff08 &#8211; &#8211; -\uff09\u3002 \u603b\u4f53\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\uff082\u00d73\uff09\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08+ + +- &#8211; -\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f<br>\u5c31\u662f\u6b63\u53cd\u4e24\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u603b\u5408\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u975e\u5e38\uff082\u00d73\uff09\uff08 + + + &#8211; &#8211; -\uff09\u7684<br>\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002In fact, there is an essential difference between the total category and<br>the overall category. The whole is normal (1\u00d73) entity (++) or (&#8212;-). The<br>totality is the large system, that is, the large whole, which is a very (2\u00d73)<br>entity (+ + + &#8211; -), that is, the sum of the two systems. That is, the totality<br>is contradictory to the very (2\u00d73) (+ + -) entities of the system.<br>\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u662f\u603b\u4f53\u7684\u7247\u9762\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u662f\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u5168\u9762\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u603b\u4f53\u662f\u3001\u5927\u539f\u5b50\u3001\u5927\u77db\u76fe\u3002<br>In short, the whole is the one-sided form of the whole, and the whole is the<br>comprehensive form of the whole\uff0cJust as the totality is, the great atom, the<br>great contradiction,<br>\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0 \u5173\u4e8e\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e24\u7ec4\u54f2\u5b66\u8303\u7574<br>Chapter 7 Two Philosophical Categories of Mechanisms<br>\u4e00\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u53d8\u5316 Time, space, and change<br>\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u53d8\u5316\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4e07\u4e8b\u4e07\u7269\u673a\u5236\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u8303\u7574\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d8\u5316\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7684<br>\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8fd0\u52a8\u5c31\u662f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u53d8\u5316\u7684<br>\u6807\u5fd7\u3002The three categories of time, space, and change are philosophical categories<br>about the mechanism of all things. Among them, there are many states of change,<br>for example, movement is the change of position. Time and space are the result<br>of change, the premise of change, or the sign of change.<br>\u6839\u636e\u603b\u7edf\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u201c\u603b\u4f53\u5bf9\u7b49\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u4e0e\u80fd<br>\u91cf\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u603b\u4f53\u5bf9\u7269\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u8d28\u80fd\u516c\u5f0f\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u4fe1<br>\u606f\u4e09\u4e2a\u8303\u7574\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u4e09\u4e2a\u8303\u7574\u4e5f\u662f\u201c\u603b\u4f53\u5bf9\u7b49\u201d\u7684\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u5bf9<br>\u7b49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u8d28\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u7269\u8d28\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6ce1\u6cab\u201d\uff0c\u771f\u7a7a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7c92\u5b50\u5bf9\u5c31\u662f<br>\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u5bf9\u7b49\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u673a\u5236\uff1b\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u80fd\u91cf\u5bf9\u7b49\uff0c\u53d8\u5316\u5c31\u662f<br>\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u91cf\u673a\u5236\u3002\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u5c31\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u5bf9\u7b49\u3002<br>\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u201c\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5185\u5faa\u73af\u5708\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u201d \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5916\u5faa\u73af\u5708\uff0c\u90a3<br>\u4e48\uff0c\u4e24\u7ec4\u8303\u7574\u7684\u5bf9\u7b49\u5c31\u66f4\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u3002According to the presidential principle, the<br>three aspects of matter, energy, and information are &#8220;totally equivalent&#8221;, for<br>example, matter and energy are &#8220;total opposites&#8221;, and Einstein&#8217;s mass-energy<br>79<br>formula has shown this. Similarly, the three categories of matter, energy, and<br>information are also &#8220;generally equivalent&#8221; to the three categories of space,<br>change, and time. For example, space and matter are equal, because space is a<br>material mechanism, and matter is actually a &#8220;space bubble&#8221;, and the vacuum can<br>produce particle pairs is a proof. Similarly, time is equal to information, and<br>time is an information mechanism; Change is equal to energy, and change is an<br>energy mechanism. Einstein&#8217;s greatest contribution was the realization of the<br>total equivalence of matter, energy, time, and space. If &#8220;matter, energy, and<br>information&#8221; is used as the inner circle and &#8220;space, change, time&#8221; is used as<br>the outer circle, then the reciprocity of the two sets of categories is better<br>understood.<br>\u7a7a\u95f4\u89c2\uff0c\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e73\u76f4\u7684\u76d2\u5b50\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u89c2\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u3001\u54f2<br>\u5b661\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u89c2\u3002\u5728\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u521b\u751f\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5f2f\u66f2\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u89c2\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684<br>\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u89c2\u3002The view of space, since ancient times, is a straight<br>box form, that is, the absolute view of space, which belongs to the space view<br>of atomism and philosophy 1. After the creation of Einstein&#8217;s theory of<br>relativity, a curved view of space emerged. In fact, different philosophical<br>forms have different views of space.<br>\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8303\u7574\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u9988\u201d\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u5173\u8054\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e5f<br>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u9988\u201d\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u54f2\u5b663\u4e2d\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e09\u5206\u6cd5\u7684\uff1a\u524d\u9988\uff0c\u540e\u9988\uff0c<br>\u9547\u9988\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5177\u6709\u201c\u524d\u9988\u201d\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u5212\u6307\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u5148\u63a7\u5236\uff1b\u800c\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5177<br>\u6709\u201c\u540e\u9988\u201d\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5e02\u573a\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u6ede\u540e\u63a7\u5236\uff1b\u671f\u8d27\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5177\u6709\u7684\u201c\u524d\u9988\u201d<br>\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5177\u6709\u7684\u201c\u540e\u9988\u201d\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u9547\u9988\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7ed3<br>\u6784\u5c31\u662f\u65ad\u70b9\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ebf\u6bb5\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u94fe\u201d\u548c\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u672c<br>\u8d28\u662f\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5dee\u201d\u3001\u7535\u6d41\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u7535\u538b\u5dee\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u94fe\uff0c<br>\u66f4\u5728\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u94fe\u3002\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u94fe\u201d\u662f\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u89c2\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u65f6<br>\u95f4\u94fe\u201d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e07\u7269\u90fd\u6709\u96f6\u7ef4\u7684\u5947\u70b9\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u770b<br>\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5947\u70b9\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e09\u7ef4\u662f\u76f8\u7ede\u626d\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e09\u7ef4\u662f\u201c\u7d27\u81f4\u5316\u201d\u7684\u3002<br>\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e09\u7ef4\u4e92\u76f8\u7ede\u626d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5904\u4e8e\u201c\u6b7b\u6001\u201d T0\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u6253\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u201d\uff0c<br>\u501f\u4e86\u5fae\u91cf\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63a8\u52a8\u201d T0<br>\uff0c\u5c06\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u53d1\u6761\u677e\u52a8\uff0c\u5c06\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6b7b\u7ed3\u89e3<br>\u5f00\uff0c\u8ba9\u6f5c\u80fd\u96ea\u5d29\u5f0f\u5730\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u7269\u8d28\u7206\u53d1\u5f0f\u5730\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u3002The most complex category is<br>time. In fact, information is a &#8220;feeding&#8221; mechanism, then, the time associated<br>with information is also a &#8220;feeding&#8221; mechanism. In Systems Philosophy 3, time,<br>like space, is a trichotomy: feedforward, feed-back, and town-fed. For example,<br>the planned economy has a &#8220;feed-forward&#8221; control mechanism, which is pre<br>controlled by planning instructions; The market economy has a &#8220;feed-back&#8221; control<br>mechanism, which is controlled by lagging behind through market information; The<br>futures economy integrates the &#8220;feed-forward&#8221; control mechanism of the planned<br>economy and the &#8220;feed-back&#8221; control mechanism of the market economy, and<br>implements the control of town feed. Since ancient times, the finest structure<br>of time has been breakGist and line segments, but this is not the case. The<br>essence of time lies in the &#8220;time chain&#8221; and &#8220;time difference&#8221;, just as the<br>essence of space is &#8220;space difference&#8221;, the essence of current is &#8220;voltage<br>difference&#8221;, and so on. Time is not only a time chain at the macro level, but<br>80<br>also a time chain at the micro level. It should be noted that the &#8220;time chain&#8221;<br>is the basis of the time view of &#8220;time difference&#8221;, but the essence of the &#8220;time<br>chain&#8221; lies in the &#8220;time difference&#8221;. We know that everything in the world has<br>a zero-dimensional singularity state. In the view of quantum relativity, the<br>three dimensions of space in this singularity state are twisted and twisted, and<br>in mathematical terms, this space three dimensions are &#8220;compacted&#8221;. In the case<br>of three dimensions of space twisting each other, the world is in a &#8220;dead state&#8221; .<br>T0\u3002At this time time hit a &#8220;time difference&#8221;, borrowed a trace amount of energy,<br>and carried out the &#8220;first push&#8221; T0<br>instead of God, loosening the clockwork of<br>space, untying the dead knot of space, releasing the potential avalanche and<br>creating the matter explosively.<br>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6027<br>\u8d28\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u6ce2\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u94fe\u201d\u548c\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6ce2\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u65f6<br>\u95f4\u94fe\u8282\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u94fe\u8282\u4e0d\u662f\u7c98\u63a5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8854\u63a5\uff0c\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u94fe\u8282\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u94fe\u8282\u5c31\u5f00<br>\u59cb\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u201d\u3002 \u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6ce2\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6709\u5934\u6709\u5c3e\uff0c\u5934\u5934\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u5c3e\u5c3e\u4e4b\u95f4<br>\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u4e5f\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\uff0c\u6b64\u5934\u5f7c\u5c3e\u3001\u6b64\u5c3e\u5f7c\u5934\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u66f4\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u3002\u5b8f\u89c2\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<br>\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u4ece\u6b7b\u6001\u5230\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u501f\u4e0e\u8fd8\u4e4b\u95f4\u6253\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u201d\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f<br>\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u201d\u521b\u9020\u5947\u8ff9\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e0d\u80dc\u679a\u4e3e\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5b8f\u89c2\u8fd8\u662f\u5fae\u89c2\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89<br>\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6218\u5c31\u662f\u6253\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u3002If space is static time, then time is<br>dynamic space; If space has the properties of particles, then time has the<br>properties of waves. The &#8220;time chain&#8221; and &#8220;time difference&#8221; are based on the<br>nature of the wave. For example, the time chain and the time chain are not glued,<br>but connected, the previous time chain has not ended, the next time chain node<br>began, which forms a &#8220;time difference&#8221;. The most delicate structure of time is<br>the same as that of waves, there is a head and a tail, and the difference between<br>the head and the tail is also the time difference, and the difference between<br>this head and tail, this tail and the other head is even more time difference.<br>This is true of the macro, and it is also true of the micro. In quantum theory,<br>the key to the universe&#8217;s transition from death to resurrection is to strike a<br>&#8220;time difference&#8221; between the borrowing and return of energy. In real life, there<br>are countless examples of miracles created through &#8220;time difference&#8221;, whether<br>macro or micro. For example, the protracted war of &#8220;exchanging time for space&#8221;<br>in the War of Resistance Against Japan was to fight the time difference.<br>\u4e8c\u3001\u6709\u5e8f\u3001\u65e0\u5e8f\u3001\u6df7\u6c8c Ordered\u3001disordered\u3001chaotic<br>0\u30011\u30012\u30013\u3001Q\u8fd95\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5212\u5206\u5c31\u662f\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5212\u5206\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5212\u5206\uff1a\u96f6\u6df7\u6c8c<br>\u2014\u2192\u6709\u5e8f1\u2014\u2192\u6709\u5e8f2\u2014\u2192\u6709\u5e8f3\u2014\u2192\u8d85\u6df7\u6c8c\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u5168\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5212\u5206\uff1a\u96f6\u5b9e\u4f53\u2014\u2192\u5b9e\u4f531\u2014\u2192<br>\u5b9e\u4f532\u2014\u2192\u5b9e\u4f533\u2014\u2192\u8d85\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u6df7\u6c8c\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u6709\u5e8f\u624d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u5e84\u5b50\u5173\u4e8e\u6d51\u6c8c\u88ab\u5f00\u4e03\u7a8d\u800c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684<br>\u5bd3\u8a00\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u6709\u5e8f\u8fbe\u5230\u9ad8\u7ea7\u9636\u6bb5\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u8d85\u7ea7\u6df7\u6c8c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u87ba\u65cb\u5f0f\u5168\u8fc7<br>\u7a0b\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8d85\u5faa\u73af\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002The division of the five philosophical forms of<br>0, 1, 2, 3, and Q is a comprehensive division. The first is the division of the<br>whole process: zero chaos &#8211; \u2192 order 1 &#8211; \u2192 order 2 &#8211; \u2192 order 3 &#8211; \u2192 super<br>chaos; The second is the division of the whole entity: zero entity &#8211; \u2192 entity<br>1 &#8211; \u2192 entity 2 &#8211; \u2192 entity 3 &#8211; \u2192 super entity. Chaos dies, and order can only<br>81<br>be produced. This is the case with Zhuangzi&#8217;s parable that chaos was opened to<br>death. Similarly, after reaching the advanced stage in an orderly manner, it<br>will develop into a super chaotic state and achieve spiral whole-process<br>development. This is the case with the hypercirculation system process.<br>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6709\u5e8f\uff1f\u6240\u8c13\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a\u5728\u76ee\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u5b50\u89c4\u8303\u4e0b\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u534f\u540c\u5f62<br>\u6001\u3002\u6709\u5e8f\u4e0e\u534f\u540c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8303\u7574\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002So, what is order? The so-called order can<br>be simply defined as: the space-time synergistic form under the purpose<br>attraction sub-norm. The two categories of order and synergy can be mutually<br>defined.<br>\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6709\u5e8f\u4e0e\u6df7\u6c8c\u5c31\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6709\u673a\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5965\u79d8\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u8c130\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u6df7\u6c8c\u4f53\uff09\u5c31<br>\u662f\u6b63\u53cd\u6709\u5e8f\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u7684\u201c\u7ede\u626d\u6027\u201d\u53e0\u52a0\uff08\u4e92\u76f8\u62da\u706d\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u5d4c\u9677\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u5e73\u8861\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u590d\u76d6\uff09\uff1b\u5176\u673a<br>\u5236\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7ede\u5211\u67b6\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u6240\u8c13Q\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6df7\u6c8c\u4f53\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u6b63\u53cd\u6709\u5e8f\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u201c\u5377\u626d\u6027\u201d\u53e0\u52a0\uff08\u4e92<br>\u76f8\u7cbe\u7b80\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u5de7\u5408\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u6fc0\u52b1\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u521b\u9020\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u7537\u4e00\u5973\u76f8\u77e5\u76f8\u7231\u7ed3\u5408\u6210\u592b\u5987\u3001\u7136\u540e\u5f62\u6210<br>\u4e86\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u5e76\u751f\u80b2\u4e86\u66f4\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u513f\u5973\uff0c\u5c31\u8c61\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u540c\u65f6\u501f\u5165\u548c\u501f\u51fa\u4e00\u4e07\u5143\u3001\u6253\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u6216<br>\u7a7a\u95f4\u5dee\u7a81\u7136\u53d8\u6210\u66b4\u53d1\u6237\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5176\u673a\u5236\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5377\u626c\u673a\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5e84\u5b50\u53d9\u201c\u4e03\u7a8d\u51fa\u800c\u6d51\u6c8c\u6b7b\u201d\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c<br>\u8bb2\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u5728\u96f6\u6df7\u6c8c\u5230\u521d\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002In this way, order and chaos establish an<br>organic connection. The mystery here is that the so-called 0 entity (primitive<br>chaotic body) is the &#8220;twisted&#8221; superposition of positive and negative ordered<br>entities (mutual annihilation, mutual embedding, mutual balance, mutual covering);<br>Its mechanism is similar to that of the gallows. The so-called Q entity (advanced<br>chaotic body) is the &#8220;torsion&#8221; superposition of positive and negative order<br>entities (mutual simplification, mutual coincidence, mutual motivation, mutual<br>creation), just like a man and a woman know and love each other and combine into<br>a couple, and then form a happy family and have better children, just like a<br>person who borrows and lends ten thousand yuan at the same time, hits a time<br>difference or space difference and suddenly becomes an upstart, and its mechanism<br>is similar to the mechanism of a waging machine. Zhuangzi&#8217;s story of &#8220;Seven<br>Tricks Out and Chaos Death&#8221; tells the process from zero chaos to initial order.<br>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c0\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u6df7\u6c8c\u4f53\uff09\u548cQ\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6df7\u6c8c\u4f53\uff09\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u76840\u5b9e<br>\u4f53\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u6df7\u6c8c\u4f53\uff09\u5f80\u5f80\u5c31\u662fQ\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6df7\u6c8c\u4f53\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u96f6\u6df7\u6c8c\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u521d\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c<br>\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u96f6\u6df7\u6c8c\u5c31\u662f\u8d85\u6df7\u6c8c\uff0c\u8981\u4e0d\u7136\u96f6\u6df7\u6c8c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u521d\u6709\u5e8f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u6df7\u6c8c\u4f53<br>\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u521d\u7ea7\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u672c\u4f53\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6df7\u6c8c\u4f53\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u672c\u4f53\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8d85\u5faa\u73af\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u60c5<br>\u51b5\u3002Of course, the difference between a 0 entity (primitive chaos) and a Q entity<br>(advanced chaos) is relative, and the actual 0 entity (primitive chaos) is often<br>a Q entity (advanced chaos). For example, in the process of zero chaos developing<br>into a preliminary order, the so-called zero chaos is hyper-chaos, otherwise<br>zero chaos would not have produced a preliminary order. If, then, the primordial<br>chaotic body is the ontology that produces the primary order, then the higher<br>chaotic body is the ontology that produces the higher order, such as in the case<br>of the supercirculatory system.<br>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u65e0\u5e8f\uff1f\u6240\u8c13\u65e0\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u5e8f\u5f62\u6001\uff08\u65f6\u7a7a\u534f\u540c\u5f62\u6001\uff09\u88ab<br>\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u5e8f\u5f62\u6001\uff08\u65f6\u7a7a\u534f\u540c\u5f62\u6001\uff09\u4e25\u91cd\u5e72\u6270\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e0d\u534f\u540c\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u65e0\u5e8f\u4e0e\u6df7\u6c8c\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00<br>\u7801\u4e8b\u3002So, what is disorder? The so-called disorder can be simply defined as an<br>ordered form (space-time synergistic form) that is seriously disturbed by other<br>82<br>ordered forms (spatio-temporal synergistic forms) and appears as an uncoordinated<br>form. In this way, disorder and chaos are not the same thing.<br>\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0 \u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\u7684\u4e24\u7ec4\u5bf9\u7acb\u6a21\u5f0f<br>Chapter 8 Two Sets of Opposing Models in the History of Philosophy<br>\u4e00\u3001\u552f\u7269\u8bba\u4e0e\u552f\u5fc3\u8bba<br>\u54f2\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6069\u683c\u65af\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u5386<br>\u53f2\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5b50\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5<br>\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u9053\u7406\u7684\u3002\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8bf4<br>\u6cd5\u3002The history of philosophy, according to Engels, is the history of the<br>opposition between materialism and idealism, dialectics and metaphysics. This is<br>called &#8220;two pairs&#8221;. If it is based on the dichotomy of entity and relationship,<br>then the argument between these two pairs still makes sense. Materialism and<br>idealism are based on the argument of substance, and dialectics and metaphysics<br>are based on relation.<br>\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u552f\u7269\u8bba\u4e0e\u552f\u5fc3\u8bba\u90fd\u662f\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u54f2\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u54f2\u5b661\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f<br>\u90fd\u662f\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u6216\u5b9e\u4f53\u8bba\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u552f\u4e00\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u7edd\u5bf9\uff0c\u8ba4\u540c\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u5bf9\u552f\u7269\u8bba\u4e0e\u552f\u5fc3\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80<br>\u90fd\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6069\u683c\u65af\u3002\u552f\u7269\u8bba\u8ffd\u6c42\u201c\u552f\u4e00\u201d\uff0c\u96be\u514d<br>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u54f2\u5b661\uff0c\u800c\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u54f2\u5b661\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e25\u91cd\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u89e3<br>\u91ca\u529b\u548c\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u662f\u5f88\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002The so-called materialism and idealism are both<br>ontological philosophical systems in the narrow sense, essentially atomistic<br>philosophical 1 system, and both are narrow ontology or substanceism, and those<br>who pursue uniqueness, tend to be absolute, identify with or oppose materialism<br>and idealism often ignore this, or often do not know this, including Engels.<br>Materialism&#8217;s pursuit of &#8220;oneness&#8221; is inevitably a rigid mechanical atomistic<br>philosophy1, and the rigid mechanical atomistic philosophy1 has serious<br>limitations, and explanatory and persuasive power is very insufficient.<br>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5076\u50cf\u8bba\u5373\u54f2\u5b6600\uff1b\u800c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9a6c<br>\u8d6b\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u56fe\u50cf\u8bba\u5373\u54f2\u5b66 QQ\u3002\u5ba2\u89c2\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u4e3b\u89c2\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e5f\u8bb8\u66f4\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6df1\u5c42<br>\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u8d1d\u514b\u83b1\u3001\u4f11\u8c1f\u3001\u9a6c\u8d6b\u7b49\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u611f\u77e5\uff0c\u7269<br>\u4f53\u662f\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u867d\u7136\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u54f2\u5b661\u770b\u6765\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6570\u5b66\u5df2\u7ecf\u666e\u904d\u5730\u91c7\u7528\u6b64<br>\u6cd5\uff1a\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u89c6\u4e3a\u76f8\u5f02\u7684\u70b9\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e24\u70b9\u4e4b<br>\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u603b\u548c\u4e0e\u603b\u5408\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e8b\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u628a\u611f\u77e5\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u59a5\u7684\uff0c<br>\u4f46\u628a\u611f\u77e5\u66ff\u4ee3\u4e8b\u7269\u5219\u662f\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u9ad8\u660e\u7684\u3002\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fe\u50cf\u54f2\u5b66\u5c24\u5176\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e3b\u89c2\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c<br>\u5728\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u5f3a\u53ef\u77e5\u201d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u548c\u201c\u5f3a\u53ef\u4e3a\u201d\u884c\u4e3a\u8bba\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u56fe\u50cf\u54f2<br>\u5b66\u3001\u54f2\u5b66QQ\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u3002\u518d\u5982\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c2\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u4e3b\u89c2\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u5f62\u6210\u4e4b<br>\u5148\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u201c\u6570\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9053\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7406\u201d\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u4ece\u552f\u7269\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u54f2\u5b661<br>\u770b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u5acc\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8d85\u6df7\u6c8c\u54f2\u5b66\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u6570\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9053\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7406\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4fe1<br>\u606f\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7684\u3002In fact, the so-called objective idealism belongs to the idol theory,<br>that is, philosophy 00; The so-called subjective idealism, such as Machism,<br>belongs to Image theory, that is, philosophical QQ. Objective idealism and<br>subjective idealism, on the other, perhaps at a higher level, may have a more<br>rational component. For example, Berkeley, Hume, Maher, and others believe that<br>83<br>existence is perceived, and that objects are collections of ideas, although this<br>is wrong in the view of atomic philosophy 1. But modern mathematics has adopted<br>this method universally: one function is regarded as a point of things, another<br>function as a point of difference, the difference between functions as the<br>distance between two Gist, and the sum and sum of certain functions as the thing<br>itself. It is of course inappropriate to equate perception with things, but it<br>is desirable, even clever, to replace perception with things. This is especially<br>true of developed Image theory philosophies. This kind of subjective idealism,<br>at a higher level, is a kind of super-philosophical &#8220;strong knowable&#8221;<br>epistemology and &#8220;strong can&#8221; behavior theory, the essence of which is the<br>epistemology and methodology of Image theory, philosophical QQ. For another<br>example, objective idealism holds that before the formation of subjective<br>consciousness and the material world, there are &#8220;numbers&#8221;, &#8220;Tao&#8221;, &#8220;reason&#8221;, and<br>so on, which are first-natured. Although this view is also seen from the<br>perspective of materialistic atomistic philosophy1, it is also suspected of<br>idealism. However, in the view of the philosophy of hyper-chaos, &#8220;number&#8221;, &#8220;Tao&#8221;,<br>and &#8220;reason&#8221; are &#8220;information&#8221;, and information is the first.<br>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u629b\u5f03\u552f\u7269\u8bba\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u628a\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u552f\u7269\u8bba\u63a8\u5e7f\u4e3a\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u552f\u7269\u8bba\uff1a<br>\u4e00\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u552f\u7269\u8bba\u9884\u8bbe\u201d\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u201c\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u770b\u5f85\u548c\u5904\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8981\u6709\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u3001\u73b0\u5b9e<br>\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff1b\u4e8c\u8981\u5728\u201c\u552f\u7269\u8bba\u9884\u8bbe\u201d\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u80c6\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u65e2\u4f7f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6c42\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u6c42\u5f97\u903b\u8f91<br>\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u6d3d\u3002Of course, it is wrong to abandon the concept of materialism, and the<br>correct way is to generalize materialism in the narrow sense to materialism in<br>the broad sense: First, we must adopt a &#8220;materialist presupposition&#8221;, similar to<br>the attitude of &#8220;realism&#8221;, and we must have an objective and realistic attitude<br>to look at and deal with problems; Second, on the basis of the &#8220;materialistic<br>presupposition&#8221;, we must make bold assumptions, so that even if we cannot seek<br>verification, we should also seek logical self-consistency.<br>\u4e8c\u3001\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u4e0e\u8be1\u8fa9\u6cd5 Dialectics and sophistry<br>\u5173\u4e8e\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5b50\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u3001\u5305\u62ec\u6069\u683c\u65af\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7cbe\u786e\u3002The pair of<br>dialectics and metaphysics is not precisely expressed by many people, including<br>Engels.<br>\u6240\u8c13\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\uff0c\u6309\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u9759\u6b62\u7684\u3001\u7247\u9762\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u770b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u4e00<br>\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u7528\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u9759\u6b62\u7684\u3001\u7247\u9762\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u770b\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u4f8b<br>\u5982\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u54f2\u5b661\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u9759\u6b62\u7684\u3001\u7247\u9762\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u770b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u539f\u5b50<br>\u672c\u6765\u4ece\u6574\u4f53\u4e2d\u5c31\u662f\u5206\u5272\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u539f\u5b50\u4e0e\u6574\u4f53\u3001\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5b9e<br>\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u53d6\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u9759\u6b62\u7684\u3001\u7247\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u770b\u95ee\u9898\u3002Metaphysics, in<br>their words, is to look at problems from an isolated, static, one-sided point of<br>view, and is therefore a wrong methodology. Not really. Looking at things from<br>an isolated, static, one-sided point of view is not necessarily wrong. For<br>example, the dialectic of atomistic philosophy 1 essentially looks at the problem<br>from an isolated, static, one-sided point of view, because the atom is originally<br>separated from the whole, and the atom is unrelated to the whole, and this atom<br>is unrelated to other atoms. In practical work, we sometimes have to take an<br>84<br>isolated, static, one-sided approach to the problem.<br>\u81f3\u4e8e\u201c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u201d\u5bf9\u5b50\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u201c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u4e0e\u8be1\u8fa9\u6cd5\u201d\u5bf9\u5b50\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u8be1<br>\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u601d\u8fa9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u80e1\u4e71\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8912<br>\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u601d\u8fa9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002As for the &#8220;dialectics and<br>metaphysics&#8221; pair, the correct statement should be &#8220;dialectics and sophistry&#8221;<br>pairs. The so-called sophistry debate, as a pejorative term, is the wrong way of<br>speculation, that is, the method of random connection. The so-called dialectic,<br>as a positive word, is the correct method of speculation, that is, the method of<br>reasonable connection.<br>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u662f\u603b\u4f53\u7684\u3001\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u660e\u786e\u7684\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u768410\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u53ca\u5176<br>\u5b9e\u4f53\u5f62\u6001\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u548c\u8f6c\u5316\u3002\u800c\u8be1\u8bc1\u6cd5\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u53ca\u5176\u5b9e\u4f53\u5f62\u6001\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u5f62\u6001\u80e1<br>\u4e71\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff1a\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0d\u89c4\u8303\uff1b\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\uff1b\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u5c31\u5c06\u5f88\u591a\u8303\u5f0f\u6346\u7ed1\u5728<br>\u4e00\u8d77\uff1b\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6c\u6362\u5c31\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u94fe\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff1b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6096\u8bba\u548c\u8c2c\u8bef\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u8be1\u8fa9\u7684<br>\u7ed3\u679c\u3002Of course, the dialectic here is a general, generalized dialectic, which<br>carries out the connection and transformation of the 10 philosophical forms of<br>clarity and norms and their physical and logical forms. The method of deception<br>arbitrarily links different philosophical forms to their physical and logical<br>forms: or the system is not standardized; Or, the system is incomplete; Or, to<br>bundle many paradigms together without analysis; Or, link different paradigms<br>together without conversion; Wait a minute. Paradoxes and fallacies are basically<br>the result of sophistry.<br>\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0 \u5173\u4e8e\u4e1c\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66<br>Chapter 9 Eastern and Western Philosophy<br>\u4e00\u3001\u5dee\u5f02\u6027difference<br>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u5730\u7406\u548c\u4eba\u79cd\u7b49\u5dee\u522b\u800c\u5fc5\u7136\u5bfc\u81f4\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u5730\u7406\u548c\u4eba\u79cd\u7b49<br>\u5dee\u522b\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5f88\u5c0f\u3001\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0b\u53bb\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f88\u5927\u3001\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\uff08\u4ee5\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff09<br>\u4e0e\u4e1c\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\uff08\u4ee5\u53e4\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002Different countries and peoples inevitably<br>lead to philosophical differences because of their geographical and ethnic<br>differences, even if the geographical and ethnic differences are small and rare<br>at the beginning, but they will develop very big and many. This is the case with<br>Western culture (dominated by ancient Greek philosophy) and Eastern philosophy<br>(dominated by ancient Chinese philosophy).<br>\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u6574\u4e2a\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u201c\u4ece\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ece<br>\u5206\u6790\u8d70\u5411\u7efc\u5408\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u6709\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u3001\u7136\u540e\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<br>\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u7684\u7ffb\u6765\u7ffb\u53bb\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u53e4\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u54f2\u5b66<br>\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u201c\u4ece\u77db\u76fe\u8bba\u5230\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ece\u9634\u9633\u5b66\u5230\u9634\u9633\u516b\u5366\u548c\u9634\u9633\u4e94\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9634\u9633\u516b\u5366\u4e0e\u9634\u9633<br>\u4e94\u884c\u540e\u6765\u4e5f\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\u3002Simply put, ancient Greek philosophy, and even Western<br>philosophy as a whole, was characterized by &#8220;from atomism to systems theory&#8221;,<br>that is, from analysis to synthesis. So they have atomism first, then systems<br>theory. This was true in ancient times, and it is also true in modern times.<br>Moreover, their philosophical history is basically a flip-flop and innovative<br>development from atomism to systems theory. The philosophical path of ancient<br>85<br>China was &#8220;from the theory of contradiction to the theory of totality&#8221;, for<br>example, from yin and yang to yin and yang gossip and the five elements of yin<br>and yang, and the yin and yang gossip and the five elements of yin and yang were<br>later combined.<br>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u548c\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u66f4\u7cbe\u5bc6\uff0c\u4e1c\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u66f4\u5b8f\u4f1f\u3002\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5c31<br>\u8c61\u5546\u54c1\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u4e00\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u4e8c\uff0c\u6982\u5ff5\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u8303\u7574\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fbe\u5230\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u5ea6\u3002\u6bd5\u8fbe\u54e5\u62c9\u65af<br>\u7684\u6570\u54f2\u5b66\u6700\u4e3a\u5178\u578b\uff0c\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u65af\u5bbe\u8bfa\u838e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06<br>\u65e0\u6cd5\u62b5\u8fbe\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u8457\u300a\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6b27\u51e0\u91cc\u5f97\u7684\u300a\u51e0\u4f55\u539f\u672c\u300b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8d4b<br>\u4e88\u5176\u54f2\u5b66\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u516c\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u54f2\u5b66\u5177\u6709\u5929\u7136\u7684\u3001\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u5e7f\u4e49\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u548c\u603b\u4f53<br>\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u54f2\u5b66\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u201c\u6574\u4f53\u201d\u3001\u201c\u548c\u5408\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5706\u878d\u201d\u4e09\u4e2a\u7279\u8272\u3002\u4f46<br>\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u6574\u4f53\u201d\u3001\u201c\u548c\u5408\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5706\u878d\u201d\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5fae\u8a00\u5927\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u6a21\u7cca\u5176\u8bcd\u7684\u3002The second<br>difference is that Western philosophy is more sophisticated, and Eastern<br>philosophy is more magnificent. The philosophical theories of ancient Greece are<br>like commodity economies, one is one, two is two, the concept is clear, the<br>categories are clear, and even mathematical precision is achieved. Pythagoras&#8217;s<br>philosophy of numbers is most typical, as is Plato. Spinoza believed that<br>philosophical knowledge would not be able to reach the realm of reason without<br>the assistance of mathematics. His masterpiece Ethics adopts a structure similar<br>to Euclid&#8217;s Primitive Geometry, giving it a philosophically rigorous system of<br>axioms and proofs of reasoning. Traditional Chinese philosophy has a natural,<br>instinctive generalized dialectic and overall dialectical thought, so many people<br>attribute traditional Chinese philosophy to the three characteristics of &#8220;whole&#8221;,<br>&#8220;harmony&#8221; and &#8220;harmony&#8221;. However, the &#8220;wholeness&#8221;, &#8220;harmony&#8221;, and &#8220;harmony&#8221; of<br>traditional Chinese philosophy are often small and vague.<br>\u4e8c\u3001 \u666e\u9002\u6027universality<br>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e1c\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u786e\u5207\u7684\u8bf4\uff0c\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u54f2\u5b663\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u80af<br>\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u5373\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u54f2\u5b663\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6574\u4f53\u3001\u5f3a\u8c03\u534f\u540c\u3002\u751a\u81f3\uff0c\u6cd5\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e5f<br>\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5176\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u54f2\u5b663\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u54f2\u5b664\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8986\u76d6\u3001\u5185\u542b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9ec4<br>\u5e1d\u5185\u7ecf\u3001\u9634\u9633\u4e94\u884c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5c31\u662f\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u54f2\u5b664\u7684\u3010\u975e\u5e38\uff082\u00d73\uff09\u3011\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u548c\u5185\u542b\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u7684<br>\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u54f2\u5b663\u7684\u3010\u6b63\u5e38\uff081\u00d73\uff09\u3011\u601d\u60f3\u3002So, ancient Eastern philosophy, to be precise,<br>did ancient Chinese philosophy have the idea of systematic philosophy 3? The<br>answer is yes. For example, Confucianism, even the idea of systems theory<br>philosophy 3, emphasizes the whole and emphasizes synergy. This is true even of<br>Dharma thought. However, the ideas of its systematic philosophy 3 are often<br>covered and contained by the ideas of total philosophy 4. For example, the ideas<br>of the Yellow Emperor&#8217;s Inner Classics and the Five Elements of Yin and Yang are<br>the [extraordinary (2\u00d73)] ideas of Total Philosophy 4, which cover and contain<br>the &#8220;Normal (1\u00d73)&#8221; thought of Confucian systems philosophy 3.<br>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u4ece\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u4e5f\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u58a8\u5bb6<br>\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u8def\u5f84\u4e5f\u662f\u201c\u4ece\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u201d\uff1a\u4ece\u81ea\u5229\uff08\u539f\u5b50\u8bba\u54f2\u5b66 1\uff09\u59cb\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u975e\u653b\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u517c\u7231<br>\uff08\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u54f2\u5b663\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u58a8\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5408\u56fd\u60c5\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u5b9e\u529b\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53d7\u5230\u5112\u5bb6\u3001\u6cd5\u5bb6\u751a\u81f3\u9053\u5bb6\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6253<br>\u51fb\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u3002So, was there a path from atomism to system theory in ancient<br>China? The answer is yes. The philosophical path of the ancient Chinese Mojia is<br>86<br>also &#8220;from atomism to system theory&#8221;: starting from self-interest (atomistic<br>philosophy 1), through non-aggression, to achieve both love (system theory<br>philosophy 3). However, the Mo family was not in line with the national conditions,<br>and once had great strength, because it was unanimously attacked by Confucians,<br>Legalists, and even Taoists, and did not develop.<br>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u53e4\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u5177\u6709\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u666e\u9002\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53e4\u4e2d\u56fd\u8001\u5b50\u7684<br>\u201c\u9053\u201d\u54f2\u5b66\u603b\u5faa\u73af\u6a21\u5f0f\u5185\u542b\u603b\u87ba\u65cb\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u6bd5\u8fbe\u54e5\u62c9\u65af\u7684\u201c\u6570\u201d\u54f2\u5b66\u603b\u5faa\u73af\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u5185<br>\u542b\u603b\u87ba\u65cb\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u603b\u4f53\u54f2\u5b66\uff1b\u53e4\u4e2d\u56fd\u795e\u8bdd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u6df7\u6c8c\u521d\u5f00\uff0c\u4e7e\u5764\u59cb\u5960\u201d\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u795e\u8bdd<br>\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e07\u7269\u59cb\u4e8e\u6df7\u6c8c\uff08Chaos\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u795e\u8c31\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u5929\u795e\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u6df7\u6c8c\u5929\u795e\uff09\uff0c<br>\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df7\u6c8c\u54f2\u5b66\uff1b\u53e4\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b54\u5b50\u63d0\u51fa\u4e2d\u5eb8\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u4e5f\u63d0\u5021\u4e2d\u5eb8\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u90fd\u5c5e<br>\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u54f2\u5b66\uff1b\u53e4\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9634\u9633\u4e94\u884c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u7231\u6068\u56db\u884c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u63a5\u8fd1\uff082\u00d73\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f<br>\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u7406\u8bba\u3002In fact, the philosophical forms of ancient China and ancient Greece<br>have amazing consistency and universality. For example, the total cycle mode of<br>the &#8220;Tao&#8221; philosophy of lao tzu in ancient China contains the meaning of the<br>total spiral, and the total cycle mode of the &#8220;number&#8221; philosophy of ancient<br>Greek Pythagoras also contains the meaning of the total spiral, which belongs to<br>the overall philosophy; Ancient Chinese mythology believes that &#8220;chaos begins,<br>Qiankun begins&#8221;, and ancient Greek mythology also believes that everything begins<br>with chaos (Chaos, the first god in the Greek god genealogy, that is, the<br>primitive god, also known as the chaos god), all belong to the philosophy of<br>chaos; Confucius in ancient China proposed the way of the mean, and Aristotle of<br>ancient Greece also advocated the way of the mean, all of which belong to the<br>systematic philosophy; The ancient Chinese theory of the five elements of yin<br>and yang, and the ancient Greek theory of the four elements of love and hate,<br>are all general theories that are close to the (2\u00d73) model.<br>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u548c\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u6781\u7aef\u5316\u3001\u7edd\u5bf9\u5316\uff0c\u66f4\u5e94<br>\u8be5\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u548c\u666e\u9002\u6027\u3002Therefore, when comparing Eastern and Western<br>philosophies, we should not polarize and absolutize the differences and<br>differences, but should pay more attention to the commonalities and universality<br>of the two.<br>\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0 \u5173\u4e8e\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66<br>Chapter 10 On Ancient and Modern Philosophy<br>\u4e00\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u521b\u65b0Learning, inheritance and development, innovation<br>\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u521b\u65b0\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u79bb\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u6e17\u900f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u521b\u65b0\u3002\u8981\u521b\u65b0\uff0c<br>\u9996\u5148\u8981\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u7ad9\u5728\u5de8\u4eba\u7684\u80a9\u8180\u4e0a\uff0c\u624d\u7ad9\u5f97\u9ad8\u3001\u770b\u5f97\u8fdc\u3002Inheritance and innovation are<br>inseparable and more or less interpenetrating, but inheritance is for innovation.<br>To innovate, we must first inherit, stand on the shoulders of giants, and only<br>then stand tall and see far.<br>\u600e\u4e48\u7ee7\u627f\u5462\uff1f\u9996\u5148\u662f\u8bfb\u4e66\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u662f\u5fc3\u9886\u795e\u4f1a\uff0c\u628a\u63e1\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u5b9e\u8d28\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8001<br>\u5b50\u7684\u9053\u54f2\u5b66\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u77db\u76fe\u8bba\u54f2\u5b662\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u628a\u63e1\u4e86\u8001\u5b50\u7684\u601d<br>\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u5b9e\u8d28\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\u521b\u65b0\u4ece\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u87ba\u65cb\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u54f2\u5b66 4 \u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5176<br>\u6b21\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u6380\u8d77\u5927\u8111\u529b\u66b4\u98ce\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u521b\u65b0\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u6811\u7acb\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u3002How to inherit it?<br>87<br>The first is to read and study, the key is to understand the mind, grasp the way<br>of thinking and spiritual essence. For example, Lao Tzu&#8217;s Taoist philosophy is<br>primarily a general model of circulation, and it is also a model of the philosophy<br>of contradiction 2. By grasping Lao Tzu&#8217;s way of thinking and spiritual essence,<br>we can develop innovations to establish the overall model of the spiral and the<br>model of total philosophy 4. Second, it is necessary to set off a storm of brain<br>power in the discussion, stimulate the sense of innovation, and establish<br>critical thinking.<br>\u521b\u65b0\u5927\u81f4\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u539f\u521b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u3001\u54f2\u5b66<br>4 \u548c\u8d85\u70b9\u8bba\u3001\u54f2\u5b66Q\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u6216\u53d1\u6325\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u65b0\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5b66\u6d3e\u3001\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1b<br>\u4e09\u662f\u5bf9\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u65b0\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u521b\u65b0\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u7ee7\u627f\u3002There are roughly<br>three situations of innovation, one is originality, the establishment of a new<br>conceptual system and theoretical system, such as totality, philosophy 4 and<br>super point theory, philosophy Q; The second is to develop or develop existing<br>theoretical systems, such as the New Austrian School and Neoplatonism; The third<br>is to make a new combination of existing theoretical systems. Here, innovation<br>already includes inheritance.<br>\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u521b\u65b0\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u662f\u628a\u63e1\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5236\u9ad8\u70b9\u3002\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u4e0e\u77db\u76fe\u8bba\u7684<br>\u7ed3\u5408\u4e0e\u521b\u65b0\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5236\u9ad8\u70b9\u3002\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u4e0e\u77db\u76fe\u8bba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u5f3a\u884c\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6500\u767b\u5360<br>\u9886\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5236\u9ad8\u70b9\u3002\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5236\u9ad8\u70b9\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d70\u4e0a\u5feb\u8f66\u9053\uff1a\u77db\u76fe\u8bba\u5e94\u8be5\u89c4\u8303\u4e3a<br>\u54f2\u5b662\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u7684\uff1b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u5e94\u8be5\u89c4\u8303\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b663\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e09\u5206\u6cd5\u7684\uff1b\u603b\u4f53\u8bba\u5e94\u8be5\u662f<br>\u54f2\u5b664\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u603b\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u53cd\u590d\u7acb\u4f53\u201d\uff08+ + + . &#8211; &#8211; -\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u5b9e\u4f534\u3010+ &#8211; &#8211; -\u3011\u6216\u3010-<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>+ +\u3011\u3002To establish an innovation system, the key is to grasp the commanding<br>heights of philosophy. In the 1980s, &#8220;the combination and innovation of systems<br>theory and contradiction theory&#8221; was the commanding heights of philosophy. By<br>forcibly breaking through the relationship between system theory and<br>contradiction theory, we can directly climb and occupy the commanding heights of<br>philosophy. By occupying this philosophical high ground, philosophical research<br>can be put on the fast track: the theory of contradictions should be normalized<br>to philosophy 2, because it is dichotomous; Systems theory should be normalized<br>to<br>philosophy 3 because it is trichotomous; Totalitarianism should be<br>philosophical 4, since the totality as a &#8220;repetitive stereoscopic&#8221; (+++-) can be<br>reduced to entity 4 [+&#8212;] or [-+++].<br>\u4e8c\u3001\u6211\u6ce8\u516d\u7ecf\u4e0e\u516d\u7ecf\u6ce8How to translate ancient books<br>\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u6bd4\u8f83\u7f3a\u4e4f\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8fc7\u5206\u5730\u4f9d\u636e\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u7406<br>\u8bba\u662f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u7cbe\u534e\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u6000\u7591\u90a3\u662f\u5916\u661f\u4eba\u7684\u667a\u6167\u3002It may be that people<br>lack the ability to innovate, so many people rely too much on ancient theories.<br>Indeed, ancient theories have so many essences that we sometimes suspect that<br>they are alien intelligence.<br>\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u9053\u5bb6\u7684\u667a\u6167\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u667a\u6167\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b<br>\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u751a\u81f3\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u679c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u7259\u6167\u3002<br>\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5b\u6559\u6216\u9053\u5bb6\u6ca1\u6709\u521b\u9020\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u660e\u5462\uff1f\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u53c2\u8003\u4e86\u4f5b<br>\u6559\u6216\u9053\u5bb6\u7684\u667a\u6167\u624d\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u548c\u9053\u5bb6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u662f\u5fae\u8a00\u5927\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u6df1\u6fb3\u96be\u61c2\u7684<br>88<br>\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u610f\u601d\u5462? Some people say that quantum<br>mechanics proves the wisdom of Taoism. It is also said that quantum mechanics<br>proves the wisdom of Buddhism. Some scientists even say that Buddhism is the<br>highest scientific achievement in the world, and the most advanced scientific<br>achievement in modern times is nothing more than the wisdom of Buddhism. The<br>question is, why didn&#8217;t Buddhism or Taoism create modern material civilization?<br>You know, quantum mechanics was not created with reference to the wisdom of<br>Buddhism or Taoism. Importantly, Buddhism and Taoist theories are subtle,<br>incomprehensible language, and may even be wrong, so how do you know what it<br>really means?<br>\u600e\u4e48\u7ffb\u8bd1\u53e4\u4e66\uff1f\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f5b\u6559\u6216\u9053\u5bb6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684<br>\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5fc5\u987b\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4f60\u7ffb\u8bd1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u539f<br>\u610f\u4e5f\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u662f\u4ece\u53f2\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u7ffb\u8bd1\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u54f2\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406<br>\u8bba\u624d\u80fd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f5b\u6559\u548c\u9053\u5bb6\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u8981\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u79d1\u5b66<br>\u6280\u672f\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f5b\u6559\u6216\u9053\u5bb6\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5c31\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u662f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3001\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u7684\uff0c<br>\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u6b67\u4e49\u751a\u81f3\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002 How to translate ancient books? In fact,<br>whether you think the Buddhist or Taoist theories are correct or not, the point<br>is that when translating, your own theories must be correct. As long as your<br>theory is correct, it doesn&#8217;t matter if what you&#8217;re translating is not the<br>author&#8217;s original intention, unless you&#8217;re translating it from a historical point<br>of view rather than from a philosophical point of view.In fact, you have to have<br>a scientific theory to translate The language of Buddhism and Taoism, or your<br>translation will be problematic. Without truth in contemporary science and<br>technology, especially scientific paradigms, your translations of Buddhism or<br>Taoism are often incorrect, or at least inaccurate, especially if there is a<br>great deal of ambiguity or even opposite in translation.<br>\u7ed3\u675f\u8bed \u6279\u5224\uff01\u6279\u5224\uff01\uff01\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u6279\u5224\uff01\uff01\uff01<br>Conclusion\uff1aCriticism! criticism!!<br>\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5386\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u771f\u95ee\u8d70\u5411\u771f\u77e5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002The course of philosophy is the process<br>of going from true to true knowledge.<br>\u79d1\u5b66\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8e\u6000\u7591\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5728\u5148\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u5f53\u79d1\u5b66\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b0<br>\u89c2\u70b9\u6216\u65b0\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u5c31\u662f\u6000\u7591\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b0\u89c2\u70b9\u6216\u65b0\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u65f6<br>\u5019\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u4e5f\u662f\u6000\u7591\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u6000\u7591\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u751a<br>\u81f3\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u5927\u80c6\u5047\u8bbe\u201d\uff0c\u5143\u54f2\u5b66\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u201c\u5927\u80c6\u6000\u7591\u201d\u3002Science begins<br>with questions, philosophy begins with doubts. Because science comes first,<br>philosophy is based on science. When science has a new point of view or a new<br>theory, the first reaction of philosophy is doubt. Of course, when philosophy<br>has a new point of view or theory, the first reaction of philosophy is also<br>doubt. Thus, skepticism arises in the history of philosophy, which is not only<br>not surprising, but also normal, even eternal theme. If philosophy can be &#8220;boldly<br>hypothesized,&#8221; meta-philosophy should be &#8220;boldly skeptical.&#8221;<br>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e24\u70b9\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6279\u5224\u6027\u548c\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u662f<br>\u6279\u5224\u6027\uff0c\u843d\u811a\u70b9\u662f\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u548c\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u6027\uff0c\u843d\u811a<br>89<br>\u70b9\u662f\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\u3002\u5173\u952e\u662f\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u603b\u4f53\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u548c\u5e7f\u4e49\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u603b\u4f53\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u548c\u5e7f\u4e49\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86<br>\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u548c\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7edf\u4e00\u3001\u6279\u5224\u6027\u548c\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u5bcc\u6709\u53d1\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u3002Therefore,<br>with regard to skepticism, we must pay attention to two Gist: First, to achieve<br>the organic unity of criticism and constructiveness, the starting point is<br>critical, and the foothold is constructive. Second, to achieve the organic unity<br>of openness and closure, the starting point is openness, and the foothold is<br>closedness. The key is to adopt the dialectics of the whole and the dialectics<br>of the general sense, because the dialectics of the whole and the dialectics of<br>the general sense have achieved the organic unity, critical and constructive<br>organic unity of openness and closure, and are full of development and creativity.<br>\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u65e2\u662f\u5143\u9636\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u9636\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u6280\u80fd\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u683c\u6c14\u8d28\uff0c\u65e2<br>\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u601d\u7ef4\u6c34\u5e73\u4e5f\u80fd\u51f8\u663e\u4eba\u6587\u7cbe\u795e\u3002Critical thinking is both meta-level cognition<br>and high-order cognition, which is both a thinking skill and a personality<br>temperament, which can reflect the level of thinking and highlight the humanistic<br>spirit.<br>\u6279\u5224\uff01\u6279\u5224\uff01\uff01\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u6279\u5224\uff01\uff01\uff01<br>Criticism! Criticism!! Constructive criticism!!!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>000\u5f00\u7f16\u8bed\uff1a\u5143\u4ea8\u5229\u8d1e\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u9ad8&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ztzxwwp.nl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ztzxwwp.nl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ztzxwwp.nl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ztzxwwp.nl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ztzxwwp.nl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=214"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ztzxwwp.nl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":233,"href":"https:\/\/ztzxwwp.nl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/214\/revisions\/233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ztzxwwp.nl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ztzxwwp.nl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=214"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ztzxwwp.nl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}